基础地球科学2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

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1 Earth Sciences1

Chapter 1 Introduction1

2　Why Study the Earth?2

3　How to Study the Earth?3

4　Earth Physical Characteristics5

Chapter 2 Minerals11

1 Elements11

2　Minerals12

3　Physical Property of Minerals14

4　Common Minerals19

Chapter 3 Igneous Rocks25

1　Magma25

2　Intrusion and Intrusive Body26

3　Volcano and Volcanism29

4　Igneous Rocks33

1　Atmosphere41

Chapter 4 External Geological Process and Sedimentary Rocks41

2　Hydrologic Sphere44

3　Biosphere45

4　Formation of Sedimentary Rocks45

5　Minerals of Sedimentary Rock47

6　Texture of Sedimentary Rock47

7　Structure of Sedimentary Rock49

8　Classification of Sedimentary Rocks52

Chapter 5 Metamorphic Rocks57

1 Intruduction57

2　Factors Controlling Metamorphism59

3　Types of Metamorphism61

4　Classification of Metamorphic Rocks63

5　Rock Cycle66

Chapter 6 Geologic Time Scale70

1 Stratigraphic Principles71

2　Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationship73

3　Principle of Biologic Succession73

4　Unconformity75

5　Radiometric Dating77

6　Geologic Time Scale78

Chapter 7　Earthquakes85

1　What is Earthquake?85

2　Types of Earthquake86

3　Earthquake Wave88

4　Seismograph89

5　Magnitude and Intensity of Earthquake93

6　World Wide Distributions of Earthquake95

7　Effects of Earthquakes97

8　Prediction and Prevention of Earthquake99

Chapter 8 Geological Structures103

1　Orientations104

2　Fault105

3　Joints109

4　Fold110

Chapter 9　Plate Tectonics118

1　The Continental Drift Theory118

2　Sea-floor Spreading Theory119

3　Plate Tectonics120

4　Types of Plate Boundaries121

5　Earth's Maior Plates125

6　Continental Margins125

7　Wilson Cycle127

8　Cause of Plate Tectonics129

Chapter 10　Weathering and Soil132

1　Physical Weathering132

2　Chemical Weathering134

3　Biological Weathering135

4　Factors that Influence Weathering136

5　Products of Weathering138

6　Regolith and Soil140

Chapter 11　Streams144

1 Introduction145

2　Stream Erosion149

3 River Transportation156

4　Stream Deposition157

5　Degradation159

6　River System Pattern（水系型式）161

7　Landscape Evolufion（地貌演化）163

Chapter 12 Groundwater169

1　Instruction169

2　Recharge and Discharge of Groundwater172

3　Storage Condition of Groundwater173

4　Geothermal Water178

5　Karst Topography179

6　Groundwater and Engineering182

7　Groundwater Contamination184

Chapter 13　Ocean and Coastal Processes187

1　Ocean Movements188

2　Coast192

3　Continental Margin and Ocean Basin201

Chapter 14　Glacier207

1　The Formation of Glacier207

2　The Budget of a Glacier209

3　Movement of Glacier209

4　Glacial Classification210

5　Glacial Erosion211

6　Glacial Transportation215

7　Glacial Deposition215

8　Glaciation and lts Effects219

9　Causes of lce Ages220

1　Wind Erosion225

Chapter 15　Wind Action and Desert225

2　Wind Transportation227

3 Wind Deposits228

4　Deserts231

5　Desertification and Dust storm233

6　Loess233

Chapter 16 Mass Wasting237

1 Factors controlling Mass Wasting Hazards238

2　Types of Mass Wasting:Slope Failures240

3　Types of Mass Wasting:Sediment Flows243

Chapter 17　Lake and Wetland249

1　A Genetic Classification of Lakes249

2　Hydrology of Lake252

3　Geological Process of Lake254

4　Wetland256

1 Introduction260

Chapter 18　The Solar System260

2　Terrestrial Planets264

3　Jovian Planets271

4　Origin and Evolution of the Solar System273

Chapter 19　Resource and Sustainable Development277

1　Oil and Gas278

2　Coal280

3　Metals and Ores283

4　Nonmetallic Resources288

5　Resources and Sustainable Development289

Chapter 20　Atmosphere and Environment293

1　El Nino and La Nina293

2　Air pollution and Ozone Zone295

3　Tropical Cyclone297

4　Global warming301

References308