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THE PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE EVIDENTIAL AND HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVES2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

THE PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE EVIDENTIAL AND HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVES
  • ANDREW STUMER 著
  • 出版社： OREGON
  • ISBN：1849460361
  • 出版时间：2010
  • 标注页数：218页
  • 文件大小：12MB
  • 文件页数：254页
  • 主题词：

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图书目录

1. THE PRESUMPTION BEFORE THE HUMAN RIGHTS ACT1

A. History of the Presumption of Innocence1

B. Burden of Proof8

1. Persuasive Burdens9

2. Evidential Burdens16

C. Standard of Proof19

D. Impact of the HRA22

E. Conclusion26

2. RATIONALE FOR THE PRESUMPTION27

A. Two rationales for the Presumption27

1. Protecting the Innocent28

2. Promoting the Rule of Law37

B. Limitation of the Presumption40

1. Limitation of Rights41

2. Threat of Serious Crime43

3. When the Rationale is Attenuated48

C. Conclusion51

3. SCOPE OF THE PRESUMPTION52

A. Substantive Approach53

1. Rejection in the English Cases54

2. Case for a Substantive Approach57

3. Other Constraints on Unfair Offences65

B. Narrow ProceduralApproach68

1. Confusion in the English Cases68

2. Case for a Narrow Procedural Approach73

C. Broad Procedural Approach82

1. Greater Power includes the Lesser83

2. Risk of More Strict Liability Offences84

D. Conclusion87

4. THE PRESUMPTION IN STRASBOURG88

A. The Content of the Presumption89

1. Official Decisions Reflecting Guilt90

2. Burden of Proof92

3. Presumptions Confined within Reasonable Limits98

4. Article 6(2) and Substantive Law102

B. Limitation of Article 6 Rights107

1. Community Interest Under Article 6(2)107

2. Community Interest and Other Article 6 Rights109

C. Conclusion118

5. PROPORTIONALITY AND THE PRESUMPTION119

A. Confusion in the English Cases120

1. Necessity Approach121

2. Balance Approach124

3. A 'Difference of Emphasis'127

B. The Nature of the Proportionality Inquiry132

1. Legitimate Objective134

2. Suitability, Necessity and Balance136

3. Proportionality and the Problem of Deference146

C. Conclusion151

6. ALLOCATING THE BURDEN OF PROOF152

A. Seriousness of the Offence153

B. Penalty157

C. Regulatory Offences162

1. Minimal Censure and Penalty162

2. An Effective Regulatory Regime164

D. Knowledge and Ease of Proof167

1. Relative Ease of Proof167

2. 'Peculiar Knowledge'172

E. Importance of Matters Proved by Prosecution176

1. Proof of Wrongfulness176

2. Connection between Basic and Presumed Fact186

F. Conclusion188

Conclusion190

Bibliography193

Index209

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