Introduction to flat panel displays2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

Introduction to flat panel displaysPDF格式电子书版下载

注意：本站所有压缩包均有解压码： 点击下载压缩包解压工具

1 Introduction1

1.1 Flat panel displays1

1.2 Emissive and nonemissive displays3

1.3 Display specifications3

1.3.1 Physical parameters3

1.3.2 Brightness and color5

1.3.3 Contrast ratio5

1.3.4 Spatial and temporal characteristics5

1.3.5 Efficiency and power consumption6

1.3.6 Flexible displays6

1.4 Applications of flat panel displays6

1.4.1 Liquid crystal displays7

1.4.2 Light-emitting diodes7

1.4.3 Plasma display panels8

1.4.4 Organic light-emitting devices8

1.4.5 Field emission displays9

References9

2 Color science and engineering11

2.1 Introduction11

2.2 The eye12

2.3 Colorimetry15

2.3.1 Trichromatic space15

2.3.2 CIE 1931 colorimetric observations16

2.3.3 CIE 1976 uniform color system19

2.3.4 Color saturation and color gamut21

2.3.5 Light sources22

2.3.5.1 Sunlight and blackbody radiators22

2.3.5.2 Backlights of transmissive displays23

2.3.5.3 Color rendering index24

2.3.6 Photometry25

2.4 Production and reproduction of colors27

Homework problems28

References28

3 Thin-film transistors31

3.1 Introduction31

3.2 Basic concepts of crystallized semiconductor materials31

3.2.1 Band structure of crystallized semiconductors32

3.2.2 Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors36

3.3 Disordered semiconductors38

3.3.1 Amorphous silicon39

3.3.2 Polycrystalline silicon41

3.4 Thin-film transistor characteristics43

3.5 Passive matrix and active matrix driving schemes47

3.6 Non-silicon-based thin-film transistors53

Homework problems55

References56

4 Liquid crystal displays57

4.1 Introduction57

4.2 Transmissive thin-film transistor liquid crystal displays58

4.3 Liquid crystal materials60

4.3.1 Phase transition temperatures60

4.3.2 Eutectic mixtures61

4.3.3 Dielectric constants62

4.3.4 Elastic constants65

4.3.5 Rotational viscosity65

4.3.6 Optical properties66

4.3.7 Refractive indices67

4.3.7.1 Wavelength effect67

4.3.7.2 Temperature effect68

4.4 Liquid crystal alignment70

4.5 Homogeneous cell71

4.5.1 Phase retardation effect72

4.5.2 Voltage-dependent transmittance73

4.6 Twisted nematic73

4.6.1 Optical transmittance74

4.6.2 Viewing angle75

4.6.3 Film-compensated TN cells76

4.7 In-plane switching78

4.7.1 Device structure78

4.7.2 Voltage-dependent transmittance79

4.7.3 Viewing angle79

4.7.4 Phase compensation films80

4.8 Fringe field switching81

4.9 Vertical alignment83

4.9.1 Voltage-dependent transmittance83

4.9.2 Response time83

4.9.3 Overdrive and undershoot voltage method85

4.9.4 Multidomain vertical alignment86

4.10 Optically compensated bend cell88

4.10.1 Voltage-dependent transmittance88

4.10.2 Compensation films for OCB89

4.10.3 No-bias bend cell91

4.11 Transflective liquid crystal displays91

4.11.1 Introduction91

4.11.2 Dual cell gap transflective LCDs93

4.11.3 Single cell gap transflective LCDs95

4.12 Future directions101

Homework problems101

References103

5 Plasma display panels109

5.1 Introduction109

5.2 Physics of gas discharge109

5.2.1 I-V characteristics110

5.2.2 Penning reaction and Paschen curve111

5.2.3 Priming mechanism112

5.3 Plasma display panels112

5.3.1 DC PDP112

5.3.2 AC PDP113

5.3.3 Panel processes115

5.4 Front plate techniques117

5.4.1 Substrate118

5.4.2 Sustain electrode118

5.4.3 Dielectric119

5.4.4 Protection layer119

5.5 Rear plate techniques120

5.5.1 Substrate121

5.5.2 Address electrode121

5.5.3 Dielectric121

5.5.4 Barrier rib122

5.5.5 Phosphor124

5.6 Assembly and aging techniques126

5.6.1 Sealing layer formation and panel alignment126

5.6.2 Sealing，gas purging and display gas filling127

5.6.3 Aging128

5.7 System techniques128

5.7.1 Cell operation mechanism129

5.7.2 Driving130

5.7.3 Energy saving130

5.7.4 PDP issues132

Homework problems132

References132

6 Light-emitting diodes137

6.1 Introduction137

6.2 Material systems140

6.2.1 AlGaAs and AlGaInP material systems for red and yellow LEDs142

6.2.2 GaN-based systems for green，blue and UV LEDs143

6.2.3 White LEDs145

6.3 Diode characteristics147

6.3.1 The p-layer and n-layer148

6.3.2 Depletion region149

6.3.3 J-V characteristics152

6.3.4 Heterojunction structures153

6.3.5 Quantum well，quantum wire and quantum dot structures154

6.4 Light-emitting characteristics155

6.4.1 Recombination model156

6.4.2 L-J characteristics157

6.4.3 Spectral characteristics158

6.5 Device fabrication161

6.5.1 Epitaxy161

6.5.2 Process flow and device structure design164

6.5.3 Extraction efficiency improvement165

6.5.4 Package167

6.6 Applications168

6.6.1 Traffic signals，electronic signage and huge displays169

6.6.2 LCD backlight169

6.6.3 General lighting172

Homework problems173

References174

7 Organic light-emitting devices177

7.1 Introduction177

7.2 Energy states in organic materials178

7.3 Photophysical processes179

7.3.1 Franck-Condon principle180

7.3.2 Fluorescence and phosphorescence182

7.3.3 Jablonski diagram183

7.3.4 Intermolecular processes184

7.3.4.1 Energy transfer process184

7.3.4.2 Excimer and exciplex formation185

7.3.4.3 Quenching process187

7.3.5 Quantum yield calculation187

7.4 Carrier injection，transport and recombination189

7.4.1 Richardson-Schottky thermionic emission190

7.4.2 SCLC，TCLC and PF mobili192

7.4.3 Charge recombination193

7.4.4 Electromagnetic wave radiation193

7.5 Structure，fabrication and characterization195

7.5.1 Device structure196

7.5.1.1 Two-layer OLED197

7.5.1.2 Dopant in the matrix as the EML198

7.5.1.3 HIL，EIL and p-i-n structure200

7.5.1.4 Top-emission and transparent OLEDs203

7.5.2 Polymer OLEDs204

7.5.3 Device fabrication205

7.5.3.1 Thin-film formation206

7.5.3.2 Encapsulation and passivation209

7.5.3.3 Device structures for AM driving210

7.5.4 Electrical and optical characteristics211

7.5.5 Degradation mechanisms213

7.6 Improvement of internal quantum efficiency218

7.6.1 Phosphorescent OLEDs218

7.6.2 Tandem structure220

7.6.3 White OLEDs222

7.7 Improvement of extraction efficiency224

Homework problems225

References226

8 Field emission displays233

8.1 Introduction233

8.2 Physics of field emission233

8.2.1 Work function and field enhancement233

8.2.2 Vacuum mechanism236

8.3 FED structure and display mechanism237

8.4 Emitter238

8.4.1 Spindt emitter239

8.4.2 CNT emitter240

8.4.3 Surface conduction emitter243

8.5 Panel process244

8.6 Field emission array plate techniques247

8.7 Phosphor plate techniques248

8.8 Assembly and aging techniques249

8.8.1 Spacer251

8.8.2 Sealing layer formation and panel alignment251

8.8.3 Sealing252

8.8.4 Evacuation and sealing off252

8.8.5 Aging253

8.9 System techniques253

Homework problems254

References254

Index259