宏观经济学2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

宏观经济学PDF格式电子书版下载

注意：本站所有压缩包均有解压码： 点击下载压缩包解压工具

Chapter 1 Important Macroeconomic Variables Aggregate Demand Aggregate Supply1

Ⅰ．Macroeconomics and Its Goals1

Ⅱ．Important Variables in Macroeconomics3

1．Price Level3

2．Total Output7

3．Employment and Unemployment Rate11

4．Interest Rate12

5．The Relationships Among Output,Employment and Interest Rate12

Ⅲ．Aggregate Demand13

1．Component of Aggregate Expenditure17

2．Effects of Real Balance,Inter-temporal Substitution and International Substitution20

3．Shifts in Aggregate Demand Curve24

Ⅳ．Aggregate Supply29

1．Long-run Aggregate Supply30

2．Short-run Aggregate Supply31

3．Shifts in the Aggregate Supply Curve35

Ⅴ．Macroeconomic Equilibrium39

1．The Determinant of Real GNP and Price Level39

2．Macroeconomic Equilibrium and Full Employment42

3．Effects of Changes in Aggregate Demand on the Levels of Real GNP and Price Level45

4．The Effects of a Change in Short-run Aggregate Supply on Real GNP and Price Level48

Ⅵ．Measuring National Income50

1．The Expenditure Approach51

2．The Income Approach55

3．Other Aggregates in National Income Accounts57

4．Limitations of the GNP60

Chapter 2 Determinants of National Income Theory64

Ⅰ．Total Expenditure and Its Components64

Ⅱ．Consumption Function66

1．Short-run and Long-run Consumption Functions67

2．Average Propensity to Consume69

3．Marginal Propensity to Consume70

Ⅲ．Saving Function74

1．Short-term and Long-term Saving Functions74

2．Average Propensity to Save77

3．Marginal Propensity to Save78

4．Shifts in Consumption Schedule79

Ⅳ．The Planned Expenditure Function82

Ⅴ．Investment Expenditure83

1．Factors affecting Investment87

2．Categories of Investment and Their Determinants92

Ⅵ．Net Export100

1．Determinants of Exports100

2．Determinants of Imports102

3．Net Export Function102

Ⅶ．Determining the Equilibrium Level of National Income104

1．Autonomous Expenditure and Induced Expenditure110

Ⅰ．Changes in the Curve of Planned Expenditure and in National Income110

Chapter 3 Changes in National Income and Fluctuations of Economic Cycle110

2．Planned Aggregate Expenditure and Price Level111

3．Changes in Aggregate Expenditure Schedule114

4．Injections and Leakages116

Ⅱ．Multiplier117

Ⅲ．Equilibrium National Income Under Unemployment and at Full Employment125

1．GNP Gap126

2．Deflationary Gap127

3．Inflationary Gap129

Ⅳ．The Theory of Economic Cycle131

1．Change in Consumption132

2．Change in Investment and in Government Expenditure135

3．The Fluctuations of Business Cycle136

4．The Multiplier-Accelerator Model140

Ⅰ．Types of Unemployment147

1．Frictional Unemployment147

Chapter 4 Unemployment and Inflation147

2．Structural unemployment148

3．Cyclical unemployment151

4．Effects of Unemployment154

Ⅱ．Types of Inflation159

1．Moderate Inflation159

2．Galloping Inflation159

3．Hyper Inflation160

4．Demand-pull Inflation160

5．Cost-push Inflation162

6．Structural Inflation163

7．Effects of Inflation164

Chapter 5 Macro-Monetary Policy and Macro-Fiscal Policy172

Ⅰ．Macro-Monetary Policy172

1．Supply of Money174

2．Demand For Money185

3．The Supply of and Demand for Money Determines Interest Rate193

4．Three Instruments of Monetary Policy194

5．Types of Monetary Policy197

Ⅱ．Macro-Fiscal Policy203

1．Five Tools of Fiscal Policy203

2．Application of Tax Policy and Fiscal Expenditure Policy208

3．Automatic Stabilizers213

4．The Combination of Fiscal Policy and Monetary Policy216

5．Limitations of Monetary and Fiscal Policies225

Chapter 6 Determinants of National Income Under an Open Economy and Interaction of Commodity Market and Money Market229

Ⅰ．The Determination of National Income in an Open Economy229

1．The Degree of Openness and Its Effects on the Economy229

2．Import Function232

3．Foreign Trade Multiplier236

Ⅱ．Balance of International Payments239

1．Important Sections of Balance of Payments240

2．Equilibrium Balance of Payments244

3．Adjustments in Balance of Payments245

Ⅲ．Foreign Exchange Rate250

1．What Is Exchange Rate252

2．Determination of Exchange Rates256

3．The Supply of and Demand for Foreign Exchange261

Ⅳ．International Monetary System262

1．Fixed Exchange Rate Regime263

2．Floating Exchange Rate Regime265

Ⅴ．Interaction of Commodity Market and Money Market266

1．IS Curve—The Equilibrium Commodity Market267

2．LM Curve—The Money Market Equilibrium270

3．IS—LM Model—The General Equilibrium of Commodity Market and Money Market275

Chapter 7 Economic Growth280

Ⅰ．Contents of Economic Growth280

1．Definition of Growth280

2．Classification of Countries284

3．Importance of Growth Rate288

4．The Development of Economic Growth Theory294

Ⅱ．Harrod—Domar Model296

1．Basic Forms of Harrod—Domar Model297

2．Conditions for Steady Economic Growth Rate299

3．Short-run Fluctuation Cause299

4．Long-run Fluctuation Cause301

Ⅲ．Sources of Growth303

1．Natural Resources304

2．Labor306

3．Capital Accumulation307

4．Technical Progress313

Ⅳ．Several Pairs of Relations to Be Resolved317

1．Population and Economic Growth318

2．Ecological Environment and Economic Growth320

3．Savings/Foreign Money and Economic Growth322