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Introduction: The field of global water policy: struggles over redistribution and recognition1

0.1 The global water policy field4

0.1.1 Transnational institutions5

0.1.2 Private sector participation: the wax and wane of multinational corporations7

0.1.3 International financial institutions and regulatory frameworks9

0.1.4 Transnational advocacy networks and the trajectory of the human right to water10

0.2 Research questions, approach and context12

0.3 Summary of chapters17

1 Rights, regulation and disputing: a conflict-centred approach to transnational governance22

1.1 Introduction22

1.2 Rights and regulation24

1.2.1 Shifting politics of rights and regulation24

1.2.2 Decentred transnational legality27

1.2.3 Combining two triads28

1.3 Competition for the rules31

1.3.1 Managed liberalisation33

1.3.2 Public participatory governance39

1.3.3 Moving away from nested governance: feedback loops and hybridity44

2 Managed liberalisation and the dual face of French water services provision49

2.1 Introduction49

2.2 The story of water in Grenoble52

2.3 Regulation54

2.3.1 Regulation: the internal face of the French model54

2.3.2 Regulation: the external face of the French model63

2.4 Rights72

2.4.1 Rights: the internal face of the French model72

2.4.2 Rights: the external face of the French model78

2.5 Conclusion81

3 'Another world is possible': Bolivia and the emergence of a participatory public provision model for access to urban water services85

3.1 Introduction85

3.2 The Cochabamba dispute88

3.3 A clash of models89

3.3.1 The public participatory model89

3.3.2 Managed liberalisation in Bolivia93

3.4 Micro-level outcomes of the public participatory model98

3.4.1 Social control of SEMAPA: the Achilles heel of the public participatory model?99

3.4.2 Legislative drafting and the transformation of Law 2029 by Laws 2066/2084102

3.4.3 The managed liberalisation model persists: regulatory gaps, international arbitration and the 'GTZ model'105

3.5 Macro-level outcomes111

3.5.1 Human right to water112

3.5.2 Bolivarian Alternative for the Peoples of Latin America (ALBA)114

4 Regulatory arbitrage and popcorn politics: contrasting disputing pathways in Argentina and Chile118

4.1 Introduction118

4.2 Regulatory agencies in comparative contrast: Chile and Argentina120

4.2.1 Structure and genesis120

4.2.2 Consumers, rights and activists compared125

4.3 Two disputing pathways126

4.3.1 Argentina: background126

4.3.2 Chile: background128

4.3.3 Regulatory arbitrage in Chile130

4.3.4 Popcorn politics in Argentina133

4.4 Transnational dimensions138

4.4.1 Argentina138

4.4.2 Chile139

4.5 Conclusion140

4.5.1 Chile140

4.5.2 Argentina141

5 Moonlight plumbers in comparative perspective: electoral v.constitutional politics of access to water in South Africa and New Zealand146

5.1 Introduction146

5.2 Two stories148

5.3 Regulation in South Africa and New Zealand151

5.3.1 Autonomous localism in New Zealand151

5.3.2 Tensions in South Africa152

5.4 Rights in South Africa and New Zealand155

5.4.1 Direct action155

5.4.2 Socio-economic rights159

5.4.3 Civil and political rights163

5.5 Rendering justiciability operable165

5.5.1 Electoral politics167

5.5.2 Constitutional politics168

5.6 Conclusion170

6 Law's work: legality and identity in transnational spaces172

6.1 Introduction172

6.2 Supporting and securing market relations174

6.2.1 International investor arbitration175

6.2.2 Transnational identities181

6.3 Keeping political space open183

6.3.1 Uncivil disobedience184

6.3.2 Patchwork legality187

6.3.3 Rendering justiciability188

6.3.4 Transnational identities192

6.4 Law as (ambiguously) constitutive of partnership194

6.4.1 Community-based approaches195

6.4.2 Social enterprise approaches196

6.4.3 Law, community and partnership197

Epilogue201

References204

Index215