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Part Ⅰ Comparative Approaches to Labour Law and Industrial Relations1

Chapter 1 How Can We Study Industrial Relations Comparatively?&Richard Hyman3

Chapter 2 Lessons from the Past? Critique of ‘How Can We Study Industrial Relations Comparatively?&Jacques Rojot25

Chapter 3 The Case for the Comparative and Interdisciplinary Study of Labour Relations&Luis Aparicio-Valdez and Jorge Bernedo Alvarado29

Chapter 4 Industrial Relations in International Business Theory：The Case for Comparative and Interdisciplinary Research&Murad L.Wisniewski37

Part Ⅱ Industrial Relations and Trade Union Rights51

Chapter 5 Trade Union Rights in a Free Market Area：The EU Experience in Laval and Viking&Frank Hendrickx53

Chapter 6 The Delta Site Selection Process at General Motors Europe：Works Council and Union Cooperation as a Participatory Model&Martin Bartmann and Sabine Blum-Geenen77

Chapter 7 The Impact of Economic and Political Change upon Workplace Trade Union Representation in the UK&Sonia McKay and Sian Moore97

Chapter 8 The Limits of Individual Employment Rights：The Reality of Neoliberalism&Anna Pollert and Paul Smith113

Chapter 9 Workplace-Level Evidence of Outsourcing Consequences in Unionized Canadian Manufacturing&Patrice Jalette133

Part Ⅲ Atypical Employment157

Chapter 10 Are Atypical Employment Contracts Exclusively for New Entrants?The Case of the French Press&Clemence Aubert159

Chapter 11 State Protection for Temporary Agency Workers：Australian Developments&Elsa Underhill and Malcolm Rimmer173

Part Ⅳ Social Protection and Social Security193

Chapter 12 Globalization and Social Protection&Kees J. Vos195

Chapter 13 Changes of Employer，Employment Protection and Labour Market Attachment：An Analysis of Swedish Data from 1972 to 1998&Bengt Furaker and Tomas Berglund211

Chapter 14 The Reform of Social Protection Systems and Flexicurity in a European Perspective&Silvia Spattini233

Chapter 15 Extension of Labour Law and Social Security Protection to the Informal Sector：Developing Country Perspectives，with Specific Reference to Southern Africa&Marius Olivier241

Chapter 16 The Informal Economy，Social Security and Legislative Attempts to Extend Social Security Protection&Elmarie Fourie271

Part Ⅴ Human Resource Management295

Chapter 17 Worker Participation，Organizational Climate and Change&Massimo Pilati and Laura lnnocenti297

Part Ⅵ Country Reports313

Chapter 18 The Local Dimension of the European Employment Strategy：The Clash of Competences in the Spanish Administration&Francisco Jose Barba Ramos315

Chapter 19 Flexicurity in Hungary&Eva Berde337

Chapter 20 The Fifth Anniversary of the New Lithuanian Labour Code: Time for Change?&Tomas Davulis355

Chapter 21 Increasing the Flexibility of Employment Regulation in Estonia&Merle Muda367

Chapter 22 The State, Society and the Individual in Labour Relations in Russia&Evgeny Khokhlov and Olga Rymkevich379

Chapter 23 Higher Education and Academic Recruitment in Russia&Alexander V. Zavgorodniy387

Chapter 24 Adverse Employment Conditions in Israel&Itzhak Harpaz and Yosi Gattegno395

Chapter 25 The Employability Approach to the Protection of Workers' Rights in Singapore&Chew Soon-Beng and Rosalind Chew405

Chapter 26 Job Security Issues in a Laissez-faire Economy: The Case of Hong Kong&Rick Glofcheski423

Chapter 27 Do Cooperatives Protect Workers' Rights? Lessons from Canada&Judy Haiven and Larry Haiven441

Chapter 28 Protecting the Health of Staff in Restaurant Smoking Areas in Chile&Pablo Arellano Ortiz455

Chapter 29 Labour in a Time of Transition: Labour and Political Changes in Venezuela&Hector Lucena465

Notes on Contributors21

Editorial25

Part Ⅰ Comparative Approaches to Labour Law and Industrial Relations1

Chapter 1 How Can We Study Industrial Relations Comparatively?&Richard Hyman3

1. Introduction3

2. Cross-National Comparison：Essential But Impossible?4

3. Are All Descriptors Context-Bound?7

4. The Problem of Typification9

5. Institutions，Path-Dependence and Change11

6. Rational Choice，Fuzzy Sets and Historical Conditionality14

7. Conclusion17

References18

Chapter 2 Lessons from the Past? Critique of ‘How Can We Study Industrial Relations Comparatively?’&Jacques Rojot25

Chapter 3 The Case for the Comparative and Interdisciplinary Study of Labour Relations&Luis Aparicio-Valdez and Jorge Bernedo Alvarado29

1. Introduction29

2. The Importance of Comparative and Interdisciplinary Studies30

3. Social Insurance as an Element of Integration32

4. Another Example：Employment Policies33

5. Conclusion：The Interdiscliplinary Nature of Labour Relations34

Chapter 4 Industrial Relations in International Business Theory：The Case for Comparative and Interdisciplinary Research&Murad L.Wisniewski37

1. Introduction37

2. The Smithsonian Paradigm38

3. The Coasian Paradigm39

4. The Schumpeterian Paradigm40

5. Conclusions43

References44

Part Ⅱ Industrial Relations and Trade Union Rights51

Chapter 5 Trade Union Rights in a Free Market Area：The EU Experience in Laval and Viking&Frank Hendrickx53

1. Introduction53

2. Social Policy Background of the Cases54

2.1. General Overview54

2.2. Deregulation of the Internal Market and the Fear of Social Dumping55

2.3. The Example of the European Services Directive56

2.4. The Country of Employment Principle57

2.5. The Post-enlargement Transition Periods and Worker Mobility59

2.6. The Increased Relevance of Posting60

2.7. The Right to Strike under EU Labour Law62

2.8. Actual and Potential Immunities from Free Market Principles64

3. The Viking and Laval Cases66

3.1. Viking66

3.2. Laval68

4. Discussion of the Significance of the Cases71

Chapter 6 The Delta Site Selection Process at General Motors Europe：Works Council and Union Cooperation as a Participatory Model&Martin Bartmann and Sabine Blurn-Geenen77

1. Introduction77

2. Site Selection Processes at General Motors78

3. The Europeanization of Workers’Representation/Industrial Relations at GME78

4. The Delta Site Selection Process79

4.1. Five Plants Competing79

4.2. Management Strategy in the Delta Site Selection Process81

4.3. Strategies of Employee Representatives and Trade Unions84

5. Global Platforms and Site Competition at General Motors：Challenges for Trade Unions and Workers87

6. Conclusions90

6.1. Employee Cooperation at GME as a Blueprint for Other Companies?90

6.2. Revision and Widening of the EWC Directive：Engagement of the Unions92

6.3. Legitimization of Employee Representatives’Cooperation at Transnational Level93

Table of Abbreviations and ‘GM-Speak’ 94

References95

Chapter 7 The Impact of Economic and Political Change upon Workplace Trade Union Representation in the UK&Sonia McKay and Sian Moore97

1. Introduction97

2. Methodology99

3. The Legal and Industrial Context99

4. The Regulation of Workplace Representatives and Their Rights to Time Off101

5. The Changed Context of Representation104

6. Conclusion110

References111

Chapter 8 The Limits of Individual Employment Rights：The Reality of Neoliberalism&Anna Pollert and Paul Smith113

1. Introduction：The Rise of Employment Rights113

2. The New Agenda of Neoliberalism115

2.1. Individual Employment Rights115

2.2. Trade Unions and Industrial Action118

3. Rights in Practice121

4. Conclusion：A Rhetoric of Rights1258

Bibliography127

Chapter 9 Workplace-Level Evidence of Outsourcing Consequences in Unionized Canadian Manufacturing&Patrice Jalette133

1. Introduction133

2. Outsourcing Motives135

3. Outsourcing Consequences137

4. Outsourcing and Industrial Relations139

5. Methods141

5.1. Survey141

5.2. Dependent and Independent Variables142

5.2.1. Outsourcing Consequences142

5.2.2. Outsourcing Motives143

5.2.3. Union-Management Relationship Climate143

5.2.4. External Solidarity144

5.2.5. Internal Solidarity144

5.2.6. Union's Strategic Capacity144

5.2.7. Union's Involvement in Outsourcing Decisions145

5.3. Control Variables145

5.3.1. Extent of Outsourcing145

5.3.2. Competition15

5.3.3. Size145

5.3.4. Industry and Technology146

5.4. Data Analysis146

6. Results146

7. Discussion150

References153

Part Ⅲ Atypical Employment157

Chapter 10 Are Atypical Employment Contracts Exclusively for New Entrants?The Case of the French Press&Clemence Aubert159

1. Introduction159

2. Pigistes：A Heterogeneous Group161

2.1. Pigistes as Professional Journalists161

2.2. Characteristics of Journalists：Age and Tenure162

2.3. Employment Contracts and Income164

3. The Theoretical and Economic Justifications for the Segmentation of Employment in Journalism165

3.1. Labour Market Segmentation165

3.2. The Contribution of the Theory of Dualism165

3.3. The Intrinsic Reasons for Recourse to Pigistes167

4. Cost Considerations168

5. Conclusions169

Bibliography169

Chapter 11 State Protection for Temporary Agency Workers：Australian Developments&Elsa Underhill and Malcolm Rimmer173

1. Introduction173

2. Legislative Protection for Temporary Agency Workers176

3. Collective Agreements and Agency Workers182

4. Slipping Through the Gaps186

5. Regulation of Temporary Agency Workers under Work Choices188

6. Prospects for Change190

Part Ⅳ Social Protection and Social Security193

Chapter 12 Globalization and Social Protection&Kees J. Vos195

1. Introduction195

2. The Impact of Globalization196

3. Globalization and the National Level200

4. Regional Governance202

5. Global Governance204

6. Concluding Remarks205

Bibliography207

Chapter 13 Changes of Employer，Employment Protection and Labour Market Attachment：An Analysis of Swedish Data from 1972 to 1998&Bengt Furaker and Tomas Berglund211

1. Introduction211

2. Swedish Employment Protection Legislation213

3. Employment Protection Legislation and Mobility216

4. Labour Market Attachment218

5. Data，Variables and Analyses219

5.1. Methodology219

5.2. Empirical Analysis Ⅰ221

5.3. Empirical Analysis Ⅱ226

6. Conclusions230

References231

Chapter 14 The Reform of Social Protection Systems and Flexicurity in a European Perspective&Silvia Spattini233

1. Social Protection Systems：Characteristics and Reforms233

2. Flexicurity in the Perspective of Integration between Social Protection and ALMPs235

3. Concluding Remarks239

Chapter 15 Extension of Labour Law and Social Security Protection to the Informal Sector：Developing Country Perspectives，with Specific Reference to Southern Africa&Marius Olivier241

1. Introduction241

2. Contextual Framework：The Labour Market，Social and Economic Policies and Poverty Indicators242

3. Definitional Context247

4. Coverage Restrictions250

5. Extension of Coverage254

5.1. Definitional and Conceptual Approaches254

5.2. Extending Coverage：Alternative Institutional Arrangements and Appropriate Regulatory Responses258

5.3. Human Rights，International Standards and Standard-Setting264

6. Conclusions268

Chapter 16 The Informal Economy，Social Security and Legislative Attempts to Extend Social Security Protection&Elmarie Fourie271

1. Introduction271

2. The Labour Market Context273

3. International Law，the ILO and New Forms of Work273

4. Social Security Protection and the Informal Economy275

4.1. Informality Trends Getting Worse275

4.2. Social Security and the Informal Economy276

4.3. Organizing the Informal Worker277

4.3.1. Case Studies278

4.3.2. Tanzania278

4.3.3. India278

4.3.3.1. Self-Employed Women's Association279

4.3.3.2. SEWU：The South African Counterpart280

4.4. The Southern Africa Development Community (SADC)281

4.5. South Africa281

5. Some Examples of Legislative Attempts to Extend Social Security to Informal Workers and the Self-Employed283

5.1. Introduction283

5.2. Unorganised Workers Social Security Bill，2008，India283

5.3. Social Security Bill，2005，United Republic of Tanzania286

5.4. The Social Security Act 34 of 1994 of Namibia289

5.5. Legislative Attempts289

6. Conclusions290

Bibliography291

Part Ⅴ Human Resource Management295

Chapter 17 Worker Participation，Organizational Climate and Change&Massimo Pilati and Laura Innocenti297

1. Introduction297

2. Organizational Change，Employment Relations and European Recommendations for Employee Participation and Involvement298

3. Organizational Climate Surveys，Protection of Personal Rights and Freedom of Opinion299

4. Research Design and Methodology300

5. ‘Ideal Types’ of Organization：Trendy，Evolutionary，Cynical and Fatalistic301

6. Conclusions and Suggestions for Further Research307

References309

Part Ⅵ Country Reports313

Chapter 18 The Local Dimension of the European Employment Strategy：The Clash of Competences in the Spanish Administration&Francisco Jose Barba Ramos315

1. Introduction315

2. Employment in European Summits：The Local Dimension317

3. The Role of the Spanish Local Administration in Employment Policy the Legal Framework and Opportunities for Action：In Keeping with European Guidelines?323

4. Application of Community Guidelines and Inter-Administrative Coordination in Spain328

5. Conclusions334

Chapter 19 Flexicurity in Hungary&Eva Berde337

I. Introduction337

2. Hungarian Background Data and Regulation of Flexicurity339

3. Company-Level Employee Organizations Participating in the Social Dialogue347

4. Conclusions353

Chapter 20 The Fifth Anniversary of the New Lithuanian Labour Code：Time for Change?&Tomas Davulis355

1. Introduction355

2. Adoption of the Lithuanian Labour Code in 2002356

3. The Normative Effect of the Labour Code358

4. Balancing Statutory，Individual and Collective Regulatory Methods360

5. Bringing the Law into Line with Contemporary Changes at Work362

5.1. Regulation by Statutory Law362

5.2. Working Time362

5.3. New Forms of Work363

5.4. Homogeneity of Regulation364

5.5. The Scope of Application of Labour Legislation365

6. Conclusions365

References366

Chapter 21 Increasing the Flexibility of Employment Regulation in Estonia&Merle Muda367

1. Introduction367

2. Entering into Employment Contracts369

2.1. Form and Conditions of the Employment Contract369

2.2. Fixed-Term Employment Contracts371

3. Termination of Employment Contracts at the Initiative of the Employer372

3.1. Grounds and Formal Requirements of Termination372

3.2. Employer's Fiscal Obligations in the Case of Dismissal for Economic Reasons374

4. Regulation of Non-standard Work376

5. Concluding Remarks377

Chapter 22 The State，Society and the Individual in Labour Relations in Russia7Evgeny Khokhlov and Olga Rymkevich379

1. Introduction379

2. The Changing Role of the State in Modern Russia379

3. Critical Aspects of Current Russian Labour Legislation380

4. The Position of Trade Unions in Russian Law382

5. The Divergence of Russian Laws from International Norms385

Chapter 23 Higher Education and Academic Recruitment in Russia&Alexander V. Zavgorodniy387

1. The Bologna Process and Higher Education in Russia387

2. The Appointment of Academic Staff in Russian Universities388

3. The Election of University Rectors in Russia391

Chapter 24 Adverse Employment Conditions in Israel&Itzhak Harpaz and Yosi Gattegno395

1. Introduction395

2. Common Violations of Employment Protection Provisions396

3. The Background to the Development of Adverse Employment in Israel399

4. The Negative Consequences of Adverse Employment Conditions401

5. Preventive and Deterrent Measures against Adverse Employment Conditions402

References402

Chapter 25 The Employability Approach to the Protection of Workers’Rights in Singapore&Chew Soon-Beng and Rosalind Chew405

1. Introduction405

2. Overview406

3. Labour Legislation in Singapore407

3.1. Core Labour Standards407

3.2. The Employment Act407

3.3. The Trade Unions Act408

3.4. The Workplace Safety and Health Act408

3.5. The Workmen's Compensation (Amendment) Bill408

4. Singapore's Achievements in Terms of Workers’ Rights409

5. Policies in Support of the Right to Employment411

5.1. Singapore's Social Security Policy411

5.2. Immigration Policies412

6. Foreign Labour-Management Policies414

6.1. The Work Permit System414

6.2. Foreign Labour in Singapore Sectors415

6.3. Quantitative Impact of Using Foreign Labour as a Buffer416

7. Schemes to Encourage the Training and Employment of Residents417

8. Policies to Help Low-Wage Workers Cope with Competition419

9. Price Stability420

10. Conclusions421

References421

Chapter 26 Job Security Issues in a Laissez-faire Economy：The Case of Hong Kong&Rick Glofcheski423

1. Introduction423

2. Hong Kong in Perspective424

3. Job Insecurity in Hong Kong (or How to (Legally) Undermine an Already Minimalist Job Security Regime)427

3.1. The Contract of Employment and the Exclusion of Workers428

3.2. Exclusion of Non-permanent and Part-time Workers429

3.3. Discrimination for Trade Union Activities431

3.4. Striking Workers431

3.5. Pregnant Workers432

3.6. Foreign Domestic Helpers434

3.7. Workers Generally and Summary Dismissal434

3.8. Inadequacy of Remedies for Wrongful Termination437

4. Conclusion438

Chapter 27 Do Cooperatives Protect Workers’Rights? Lessons from Canada&Judy Haiven and Larry Haiven441

1. Introduction441

2. Human Resources in a Typical versus a Unionized Workplace441

3. Classifying Cooperatives443

4. The Fogo Island Fishing Cooperative444

4.1. Background444

4.2. Decline of the Fishery445

4.3. Labour Relations in the Newfoundland Fishery446

4.4. The Cooperative and the Union446

4.5. Three Key Labour/Management Disputes at the Coop447

4.5.1. Dockside Grading Dispute447

4.5.2. Capitalization for Fishers447

4.5.3. The Coop and Human Rights448

4.6. Relations between the Fogo Coop and the Plant-Workers’Union450

5. Conclusion450

Bibliography452

Chapter 28 Protecting the Health of Staff in Restaurant Smoking Areas in Chile&Pablo Arellano Ortiz455

1. Introduction455

2. Health：A Fundamental Right457

2.1. Occupational Health457

2.2. The Duty of the State457

2.3. Renouncing a Fundamental Right?459

3. The Employer's Obligation to Safeguard the Workers460

3.1. Power in the Employment Relationship460

3.2. The Employer's Duty of Care460

3.3. Compensation Awards461

4. Final Remarks462

Bibliography463

Chapter 29 Labour in a Time of Transition：Labour and Political Changes in Venezuela&Hector Lucena465

1. Introduction465

2. Labour Relations in Venezuela466

3. Labour Relations and Inequality467

4. Regionally What Is the Problem?469

5. The Commitment to Inclusion and Integration470

6. What Happens When Labour Relations Institutions Represent Fewer and Fewer People?471

7. The Essential Condition for Industrial Relations：The Existence of Jobs471

Bibliography472