药理学实验与指导 汉英对照2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

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中文部分1

第一章 药理学实验的基本知识和技术1

一、药理学实验课的目的和要求1

二、实验动物的捉持和给药方法2

实验1.1 小鼠的捉持和给药方法2

实验1.2 大鼠的捉持和给药方法3

实验1.3 家兔的捉持和给药方法4

【附】豚鼠的捉持和给药方法5

实验1.4 狗的捉持和给药方法5

三、常用实验动物的麻醉6

四、实验动物的取血方法9

第二章 药理学总论的实验15

一、药物对机体（病原体）的作用15

实验2.1 药物的局部作用和全身作用15

实验2.2 药物的间接作用16

二、机体对药物的作用17

实验2.3 溴磺酞钠的药代动力学参数估算17

实验2.4 药物血浆蛋白结合率测定18

三、影响药物作用的因素19

实验2.5 影响药物作用的因素20

第三章 中枢神经系统药物实验22

一、全身麻醉药实验23

实验3.1 挥发性液体麻醉药活性测定23

二、镇静催眠实验24

实验3.2 巴比妥类药物作用的比较24

实验3.3 镇静催眠药的协同作用和对抗中枢兴奋药的作用25

实验3.4 药物对动物自发活动的影响26

三、抗癫痫药和抗惊厥药实验27

实验3.5 药物的抗电惊厥作用27

实验3.6 药物对抗中枢兴奋药惊厥的作用28

四、抗精神失常药实验29

实验3.7 氯丙嗪的安定作用29

实验3.8 氯丙嗪对小鼠基础代谢的影响30

实验3.9 药物的镇痛作用（热板法）31

实验3.10 药物的镇痛作用（化学刺激法）32

五、中枢兴奋药实验33

实验3.11 士的宁和印防己毒素惊厥类型及作用部位的比较33

实验3.12 尼可刹米对抗吗啡的呼吸抑制作用35

实验3.13 尼莫地平对小鼠获得记忆的促进作用36

第四章 传出神经系统药物实验38

实验4.1 传出神经药物对麻醉犬血压、肠蠕动和腺体分泌的影响39

实验4.2 药物对离体兔主动脉条的作用41

实验4.3 药物对离体肠管的作用42

实验4.4 药物对在体豚鼠下腹神经输精管的作用43

实验4.5 有机磷药物中毒及解救44

实验4.6 普鲁卡因和丁卡因表面麻醉作用的比较45

第五章 内脏系统药物实验47

一、治疗心功能不全药物实验48

实验5.1 强心苷对离体心脏的作用48

实验5.2 药物对离体乳头肌收缩舒张性能的影响50

实验5.3 药物对大鼠左心功能与血流动力学的影响52

二、抗心律失常药实验55

实验5.4 奎尼丁拮抗乌头碱诱发大鼠心律失常的作用56

实验5.5 药物对家兔电致室颤阈的影响57

实验5.6 利多卡因对氯化钡诱发心律失常的治疗作用58

实验5.7 利多卡因对哇巴因引起心律失常的对抗作用59

实验5.8 药物抑制大鼠缺血-再灌注心律失常的作用60

实验5.9 药物对离体心房肌有效不应期和收缩力的影响62

三、抗心肌缺血药实验63

实验5.10 结扎兔冠状动脉引起的心肌梗死64

实验5.11 药物对离体豚鼠心脏心肌收缩力和冠状流量的影响66

实验5.12 硝基四氮唑蓝染色法测量心肌梗死范围67

实验5.13 丹参注射液对垂体后叶素致兔心肌缺血的作用68

实验5.14 血脂测定法69

四、抗高血压药物实验72

实验5.15 六烃季铵降压作用机制的分析73

实验5.16 离体兔耳血管灌流74

五、利尿药和脱水药实验76

实验5.17 呋塞米和高渗葡萄糖对家兔的利尿作用76

实验5.18 氢氯噻嗪对大鼠的利尿作用78

六、镇咳药、祛痰药和平喘药实验81

实验5.19 可待因对小鼠氨水引咳的镇咳作用82

实验5.20 可待因对电刺激猫喉上神经引咳的镇咳作用84

实验5.21 远志煎剂对小鼠气管酚红排泌量的影响86

实验5.22 氨茶碱对豚鼠组胺-乙酰胆碱引喘的平喘作用87

实验5.23 药物对豚鼠离体气管的作用88

七、消化系统药物实验90

实验5.24 药物对胃肠道蠕动的影响91

实验5.25 药物对实验性胃溃疡的防治作用92

实验5.26 去氢胆酸对大鼠的利胆作用93

八、促凝血药和抗凝血药实验94

实验5.27 药物的体外抗凝血作用95

实验5.28 药物的促凝血作用96

九、抗血小板药97

实验5.29 血小板黏附性测定法98

实验5.30 血小板凝集性测定法99

实验5.31 动静脉旁路血栓形成实验101

实验5.32 苯海拉明对组胺的竞争性拮抗作用及pa2值102

第六章 抗炎药物实验106

实验6.1 氢化可的松对小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性的影响106

实验6.2 吲哚美辛对小鼠巴豆油耳肿胀的影响107

实验6.3 吲哚美辛对角叉菜胶诱发大鼠足跖肿胀的影响108

实验6.4 药物对实验性胸膜炎的影响109

第七章 化学治疗药物实验111

一、抗菌药实验111

实验7.1 诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星及环丙沙星的体外抗菌114

实验7.2 诺氟沙星对小鼠体内感染的保护性实验116

二、抗肿瘤药物实验117

实验7.3 抗肿瘤药的美蓝试管法初筛118

实验7.4 5-fu对小鼠肉瘤s180的实验治疗118

实验7.5 小鼠（裸鼠）肾被膜下人癌细胞移植法120

第八章 避孕药实验122

一、抗生育试验122

二、抗着床试验123

三、抗早孕试验123

实验8.1 炔诺酮的抗排卵作用（交配法）123

第九章 抗衰老药物实验125

一、自由基学说方面125

实验9.1 过氧化脂质的测定125

实验9.2 超氧化物歧化酶（sod）测定方法126

二、对免疫功能的影响128

实验9.3 免疫器官重量法128

实验9.4 单核吞噬细胞功能测定法128

三、对应激能力的影响129

实验9.5 小鼠耐缺氧实验130

实验9.6 小鼠耐寒实验130

实验9.7 小鼠游泳实验131

四、对中枢神经系统方面的作用131

实验9.8 单胺氧化酶-b活性测定132

第十章 药物的安全性评价133

一、药物的毒性试验133

实验10.1 普鲁卡因急性ld50测定133

二、制剂的安全限度试验146

实验10.2 热原试验147

实验10.3 刺激性试验149

实验10.4 降压物质试验150

实验10.5 溶血性试验152

英文部分154

chapter 1 basic knowledge and techniques in pharmacological experiments154

Ⅰ．aim and objective of pharmacological experiments154

Ⅱ．how to handle and administer drugs to animals155

experment 1.1 how to handle and administer drugs to mice155

experment 1.2 how to handle and administer drugs to rats157

experiment 1.3 how to handle and administer drugs to rabbits157

experiment 1.4 how to handle and administer drugs to dogs159

Ⅲ．anesthesia of animals widely used in experiment160

Ⅳ．how to collect blood from experimental animals163

chapter 2 experiments related to introduction of pharmacology170

Ⅰ．the effect of drugs on the body170

experiment 2.1 the local and systemic action of drugs171

experiment 2.2 indirect effect of drugs172

Ⅱ．the effect of the body on drug173

experiment 2.3 estimation of pharmacokinetic parameters of bsp173

experiment 2.4 measurement of plasma-protein binding rate176

Ⅲ．factors that influence drug action177

experiment 2.5 factors affecting drug action177

chapter 3 experiments of drugs affecting the central nervous system180

Ⅰ．experiment of general anethetics181

experiment 3.1 activity determination of volatile fluid anesthetics181

Ⅱ．experiment of sedatives and hypnotics183

experiment 3.2 comparison of the actions of barbiturates183

experiment 3.3 synergism of sedatives and hypnotics and their antagonistic actions to central stimulants184

experiment 3.4 effects of drugs on spontaneous activity of animals186

Ⅲ．experiment of antiepileptics and anticonvulsants187

experiment 3.5 effects of drugs on electric shock187

experiment 3.6 effects of drugs on convulsion produced by central stimulants189

Ⅳ．experiment of antipsychotics190

experiment 3.7 tranquilizing effect of chlorpromazine190

experiment 3.8 effects of chlorpromazine on the tolerance of hypoxia in mice191

Ⅴ．experiments of analogesics193

experiment 3.9 analgesic action of drugs(the hot plate method)193

experiment 3.10 analgesic action of drugs(the chemical irritation method)195

Ⅵ．experiments of central stimulants196

experiment 3.11 comparison of convulsive type and site of action of strychnine and picrotoxin196

experiment 3.12 the antagonistic effect of nikethamide on the depression of respiration by morphine198

experiment 3.13 the promotive effect of nimodipine on acquired memory of mouse200

chapter 4 experiments of drugs affecting the peripheral efferent nervous system203

experiment 4.1 effects of drugs affecting the peripheral efferent nervous system on blood pressure,intestinal movement and gland secretion in anesthetized dog204

experiment 4.2 effects of drugs on the isolated aorta strip of rabbit207

experiment 4.3 effects of drugs on isolated intestine208

experiment 4.4 effects of drugs on in vivo spermaduct controlled by hypogastric nerve in guinea pig210

experiment 4.5 acute intoxication by organophosphate compounds and its treatment212

experiment 4.6 comparison of surface anesthetic action of procaine and tetracaine214

chapter 5 experiments of drugs affecting the splanchnic system217

Ⅰ．experiments of drugs used for cardiac insufficiency218

experiment 5.1 effects of cardiac glycosides on the isolated heart of frog219

experiment 5.2 effects of drugs on the contraction and relaxation of isolated papillary muscles221

experiment 5.3 effects of drugs on left heart function and hemodynamics of rat224

Ⅱ．experiments of antiarrhythmic drugs226

experiment 5.4 the antagonistic effects of quinidine on aconitine-induced arrhythmia in rat227

experiment 5.5 the effect of drug on the threshold of ventricular fibrillation induced by electric stimulation in rabbit229

experiment 5.6 the therapeutic effect of lidocaine on arrhythmia induced by barium chloride in rat231

experiment 5.7 the antagonistic effect of lidocaine on arrhythmia induced by ouabain233

experiment 5.8 the inhibitory effects of drugs on arrhythmia caused by ischemia-reperfusion in rat234

experiment 5.9 the effect of drug on effective refractory period and contractility of in vitro atrial muscle237

Ⅲ．experiments of anti-myocardial ischemic drugs239

experiment 5.10 myocardial infarction caused by ligaturing coronary artery of rabbit240

experiment 5.11 the effects of drugs on myocardial contractility and coronary blood flow of in vitro heart of guinea pig243

experiment 5.12 measurement of area of myocardial infarction by nitro-blue tetrazolium staining245

experiment 5.13 the effects of dan-shen parenteral solution on myocardial ischemia of rabbit induced by pituitrin247

experiment 5.14 measurement of blood fat249

Ⅳ．experiments of antihypertensives253

experiment 5.15 analysis of the mechanism of hypotensive action of hexamethonium255

experiment 5.16 vascular perfusion of isolated ear of rabbit257

Ⅴ．diuretics and dehydrating agents259

experiment 5.17 the diuretic effect of furosemide and hypertonic glucose on anesthetized rabbit260

experiment 5.18 the diuretic action of hydrochlorothiazide on rat263

Ⅵ．experiments of antitussive,expectorant and antiasthmatic agents266

experiment 5.19 the antitussive effect of codeine on mice coughing induced by ammonia water268

experiment 5.20 the antitussive effect of codeine on coughing induced by electric stimulation on superior laryngeal nerve of cat270

experiment 5.21 the effect of siberian milkwort root decoction on phenolsulfonphthalein secretion of mice's bronchus273

experiment 5.22 the antiasthmatic effect of aminophylline on asthma stimulated by histamine-acetycholine274

experiment 5.23 effect of drugs on isolated guinea pig trachea276

Ⅶ experiments of drugs affecting digestive system279

experiment 5.24 the effect of drugs on gastrointestinal movement280

experiment 5.25 prevention and treatment function of drug on experimental gastric ulcer281

experiment 5.26 the cholagogic function of dehydrocholic acid on rat282

Ⅷ the experiments of coagulants and anticoagulants284

experiment 5.27 anticoagulant action of drugs in vitro285

experiment 5.28 action of drug on promoting coagulation288

Ⅸ platelet inhibitors289

experiment 5.29 determining method of platelet adhesiveness290

experiment 5.30 determining method of platelet aggregation292

experiment 5.31 thrombus formation with arteriovenous shunt in rat294

experiment 5.32 the competitive antagonistic effect of diphenhydra mine on histamine and the measurement of pa2296

chapter 6 experiments of anti-inflammatory drugs300

experiment 6.1 effect on intraabdominal capillary permeability of mouse by injection of hydrocortisone300

experiment 6.2 effect of indomethacin on auricular tumescence induced by croton oil in mice302

experiment 6.3 effect of indomethacin on tumescence produced in the hind paw of the rat by injecting carragheenin303

experiment 6.4 effect of drugs on the experimental pleuritis305

chapter 7 experiments of chemotherapeutic drugs307

Ⅰ．antibacterial experiment307

experiment 7.1 assay the antibacterial activity in vitro of norfloxacin,ofloxacin,and cinrofloxacin311

experiment 7.2 the protective test of norfloxacin on in vivo infection of mice314

Ⅱ．experiments of antitumor drugs315

experiment 7.3 methylene blue tube method of screening anti-tumor drug primarily316

experiment 7.4 therapeutic effect of 5-fu on mice sarcoma s180318

experiment 7.5 human cancer's grafting under kidney capsule of mice(nude mouse)320

chapter 8 experiments of contraceptives322

experiment 8.1 anti-ovulation effect of norethisterone(copulation method)324

chapter 9 experiments of anti-aging drugs326

Ⅰ．free radical theory326

experiment 9.1 the determination of lipid peroxide327

experiment 9.2 the assay to determine superoxide dismutase(sod)328

Ⅱ．effects of drugs on immunological function330

experiment 9.3 the assay to weigh the immune organs330

experiment 9.4 the assay to determine function of the mononuclear phagocytes331

Ⅲ．drug's effect on stress332

experiment 9.5 hypoxia tolerance test of mice333

experiment 9.6 the cold-resistant test of mice334

experiment 9.7 the swimming test of mice334

Ⅳ．the effects on the central nervous system335

experiment 9.8 the test of the activity of the monoamine oxidase-b336

chapter 10 evaluation of drug safety338

Ⅰ．drug toxicity test338

experiment 10.1 ld50 determination of procaine338

Ⅱ．safety limit of preparation experiment354

experiment 10.2 pyrogen experiment355

experiment 10.3 irritation test358

experiment 10.4 hypersensitivity test360

experiment 10.5 hypotensive substance test362

experiment 10.6 haemolyticus test363