人类生物学 英文原版2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

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CHAPTER 1 A Human Perspective1

Credits1

Glossary1

Appendix1

Chapter 11

Index1

A Human Perspective1

1.1 Biologically Speaking2

1.2 The Process of Science8

1.3 Science and Social Responsibility11

CHAPTER 2 Chemistry of Life15

Chapter 215

Chemistry of Life15

2.1 Elements and Atoms16

2.2 Molecules and Compounds19

2.3 Water and Living Things21

2.4 Molecules of Life26

2.5 Carbohydrates27

2.6 Lipids29

2.7 Proteins31

2.8 Nucleic Acids35

Chapter 341

Cell Structure and Function41

CHAPTER 3 Cell Structure and Function41

3.1 Cell Size42

3.2 Cellular Organization44

3.3 Cellular Metabolism54

CHAPTER 4 Organization and Regulation of Body Systems61

Organization and Regulation of Body Systerns61

4.1 Types of Tissues62

4.2 Body Cavities and Body Membranes69

4.3 Organ Systems70

4.4 Homeostasis74

CHAPTER 5 Digestive System and Nutrition81

Chapter 481

Digestive System and Nutrition81

Chapter 581

5.1 The Digestive System82

5.2 Three Accessory Organs90

5.3 Digestive Enzymes92

5.4 Homeostasis95

5.5 Nutrition95

Composition and Function of the Blood109

Chapter 6109

CHAPTER 6 Composition and Function of the Blood109

6.1 The Red Blood Cells111

6.2 The White Blood Cells115

6.3 Blood Clotting116

6.4 Plasma118

6.5 Capillary Exchange118

6.6 Blood Typing120

CHAPTER 7 Cardiovascular System125

Chapter 7125

Cardiovascular System125

7.1 The Blood Vessels126

7.2 The Heart128

7.3 Features of the Cardiovascular System132

7.4 The Vascular Pathways134

7.5 Cardiovascular Disorders137

7.6 Homeostasis139

Lymphatic and Immune Systems145

Chapter 8145

CHAPTER 8 Lymphatic and Immune Systems145

8.1 Lymphatic System146

8.2 Nonspecific Defenses148

8.3 Specific Defenses150

8.4 Induced Immunity156

8.5 Immunity Side Effects158

8.6 Homeostasis160

CHAPTER 9 Respiratory System165

Respiratory System165

Chapter 9165

9.1 Respiratory Tract166

9.2 Mechanism of Breathing170

9.3 Gas Exchanges in the Body174

9.4 Respiration and Health177

9.5 Homeostasis184

Chapter 10187

Urinary System and Excretion187

CHAPTER 10 Urinary System and Excretion187

10.1 Urinary System188

10.2 Kidneys191

10.3 Urine Formation195

10.4 Maintaining Water-Salt Balance196

10.6 Homeostasis199

10.5 Maintaining Acid-Base Balance199

10.7 Problems with Kidney Function200

Skeletal System205

CHAPTER 11 Skeletal System205

Chapter 11205

11.1 Tissues of the Skeletal System206

11.2 Bone Growth and Repair208

11.3 Bones of the Skeleton211

11.4 Articulations218

11.5 Homeostasis220

CHAPTER 12 Muscular System225

Muscular System225

Chapter 12225

12.1 Skeletal Muscles226

12.2 Mechanism of Muscle Fiber Contraction231

12.3 Whole Muscle Contraction234

12.4 Energy for Muscle Contraction236

12.5 Homeostasis240

Humans245

Nervous System245

Chapter 13245

CHAPTER 13 Nervous System245

13.1 Nervous Tissue246

13.2 The Central Nervous System252

13.3 The Limbic System and Higher Mental Functions257

13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System260

13.5 Drug Abuse264

13.6 Homeostasis266

Senses271

CHAPTER 14 Senses271

Chapter 14271

14.1 Sensory Receptors and Sensations272

14.2 Proprioceptors and Cutaneous Receptors274

14.3 Chemical Senses276

14.4 Sense of Vision278

14.5 Sense of Hearing284

14.6 Sense of Equilibrium287

Chapter 15293

CHAPTER 15 Endocrine System293

Endocrine System293

15.1 Endocrine Glands294

15.2 Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland296

15.3 Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands299

15.4 Adrenal Glands301

15.5 Pancreas304

15.6 Other Endocrine Glands306

15.7 Chemical Signals309

Chapter 16317

Reproductive System317

CHAPTER 16 Reproductive System317

16.1 Male Reproductive System318

16.2 Female Reproductive System322

16.3 Female Hormone Levels325

16.4 Control of Reproduction329

16.5 Homeostasis333

CHAPTER 17 Sexually Transmitted Diseases339

Sexually Transrnitted Diseases339

17.1 Viral Infectionus Diseases340

17.2 Bacterial Infectious Diseases345

17.3 Other Infecrious Diseases351

AIDS Supplement355

AIDS Supplement355

S.1 Origin and Scope of the AIDS Pandemic356

S.2 Phases of an HIV Infection358

S.3 Treatment for HIV360

CHAPTER 18 Development and Aging363

Development and Aging363

Chapter 18363

18.1 Fertilization364

18.2 Development Before Birth366

18.3 Development of Male and Female Sex Organs374

18.4 Birth376

18.5 Development After Birth378

Chromosomal Inheritance385

CHAPTER 19 Chromosomal Inheritance385

Chapter 19385

19.1 Human Life Cycle386

19.2 Mitosis387

19.3 Meiosis390

19.4 Chromosomal Inheritance395

Chapter 20403

Genes and Medical Genetics403

CHAPTER 20 Genes and Medical Genetics403

20.1 Genotype and Phenotype404

20.2 Dominant/Recessive Traits405

20.3 Beyond Simple Inheritance Patterns411

20.4 Sex-Linked Traits414

Chapter 21421

DNA and Biotechnology421

CHAPTER 21 DNA and Biotechnology421

21.1 DNA and RNA Structure and Function422

21.2 Gene Expression426

21.3 Biotechnology432

CHAPTER 22 Cancer443

Chapter 22443

Cancer443

22.1 Cancer Cells444

22.2 Origin of Cancer446

22.3 Causes of Cancer448

22.4 Diagnosis and Treatment450

CHAPTER 23 Human Evolution461

Human Evolution461

Chapter 23461

23.1 Origin of Life462

23.2 Biological Evolution463

23.3 Humans Are Primates466

23.4 Evolution of Australopithecines468

23.5 Evolution of Humans469

Chapter 24477

CHAPTER 24 Ecosystems and Human Interferences477

Ecosystems and Human Interferences477

24.1 The Nature of Ecosystems478

24.2 Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling481

24.3 Global Biogeochemical Cycles484

CHAPTER 25 Conservation of Biodiversity497

Chapter 25497

Conservation of Biodiversity497

25.1 Conservation Biology and Biodiversity498

25.2 Value of Biodiversity500

25.3 Causes of Extinction504

25.4 Conservation Techniques508