MLA科研论文写作规范2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

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CHAPTER 1:Research and Writing2

1.1.The Research Paper as a Form of Exploration2

1.2.The Research Paper as a Form of Writing4

1.3.Selecting a Topic4

1.4.Conducting Research5

1.4.1.The Modern Academic Library5

1.4.2.The Central Information System6

1.4.3.Reference Works6

1.4.4.The Online Catalog of Library Holdings14

1.4.5.Other Library Resources and Services19

1.4.6.Internet Sources20

1.5.Compiling a Working Bibliography22

1.6.Evaluating Sources25

1.6.1.Authorship and Authority27

1.6.2.Accuracy and Verifiability28

1.6.3.Currency28

1.7.Taking Notes28

1.8.Plagiarism30

1.9.Outlining34

1.9.1.Working Outline34

1.9.2.Thesis Statement35

1.9.3.Final Outline36

1.10.Writing Drafts40

1.11.Language and Style42

1.12.Guides to Writing43

2.1.1.Consistency49

2.1.2.Word Division49

CHAPTER 2:The Mechanics of Writing49

2.1.Spelling49

2.1.3.Plurals50

2.1.4.Foreign Words50

2.2.Punctuation50

2.2.1.The Purpose of Punctuation50

2.2.2.Commas51

2.2.3.Semicolons56

2.2.4.Colons56

2.2.5.Dashes and Parentheses58

2.2.6.Hyphens59

2.2.7.Apostrophes61

2.2.8.Quotation Marks63

2.2.9.Square Brackets63

2.2.11.Periods,Question Marks,and Exclamation Points64

2.2.10.Slashes64

2.3.Italics(Underlining)65

2.3.1.Words and Letters Referred to as Words and Letters65

2.3.2.Foreign Words in an English Text66

2.3.3.Emphasis66

2.4.Names of Persons66

2.4.1.First and Subsequent Uses of Names66

2.4.2.Titles of Persons67

2.4.3.Names of Authors and Fictional Characters68

2.5.Numbers68

2.5.1.Arabic Numerals68

2.5.2.Use of Words or Numerals68

2.5.3.Commas in Numbers70

2.5.4.Percentages and Amounts of Money70

2.5.5.Dates and Times of the Day71

2.5.7.Roman Numerals72

2.5.6.Inclusive Numbers72

2.6.Titles of Works in the Research Paper73

2.6.1.Capitalization and Punctuation73

2.6.2.Underlined Titles75

2.6.3.Titles in Quotation Marks76

2.6.4.Titles and Quotations within Titles76

2.6.5.Exceptions78

2.6.6.Shortened Titles80

2.7.Quotations80

2.7.1.Use and Accuracy of Quotations80

2.7.2.Prose81

2.7.3.Poetry83

2.7.4.Drama84

2.7.5.Ellipsis85

2.7.6.Other AIterations of Sources89

2.7.7.Punctuation with Quotations90

2.7.8.Translations of Quotations93

2.8.Capitalization and Personal Names in Languages Other Than English94

2.8.1.French94

2.8.2.German96

2.8.3.Italian97

2.8.4.Spanish99

2.8.5.Latin100

CHAPTER 3:The Format of the Research Paper104

3.1.Printing or Typing104

3.2.Paper104

3.3.Margins104

3.4.Spacing105

3.5.Heading and Title105

3.7.Tables and Illustrations106

3.6.Page Numbers106

3.8.Corrections and Insertions109

3.9.Binding109

3.10.Electronic Submission110

CHAPTER 4:Documentation:Preparing the List of Works Cited114

4.1.Documenting Sources114

4.2.MLA Style114

4.3.The List of Works Cited and Other Source Lists116

4.4.Placement of the List of Works Cited117

4.5.Arrangement of Entries118

4.6.Citing Books and Other Nonperiodical Publications119

4.6.1.The Basic Entry:A Book by a Single Author119

4.6.2.An Anthology or a Compilation123

4.6.3.Two or More Books by the Same Author123

4.6.4.A Book by Two or More Authors124

4.6.5.Two or More Books by the Same Authors126

4.6.6.A Book by a Corporate Author126

4.6.7.A Work in an Anthology127

4.6.8.An Article in a Reference Book130

4.6.9.An Introduction,a Preface,a Foreword,or an Afterword131

4.6.10.Cross-References132

4.6.11.An Anonymous Book133

4.6.12.An Edition134

4.6.13.A Translation135

4.6.14.A Book Published in a Second or Subsequent Edition136

4.6.15.A Multivolume Work137

4.6.16.A Book in a Series140

4.6.17.A Republished Book141

4.6.18.A Publisher's Imprint141

4.6.20.A Pamphlet142

4.6.19.A Book with Multiple Publishers142

4.6.21.A Government Publication143

4.6.22.The Published Proceedings of a Conference145

4.6.23.A Book in a Language Other Than English146

4.6.24.A Book Published before*1900146

4.6.25.A Book without Stated Publication Information or Pagination147

4.6.26.An Unpublished Dissertation148

4.6.27.A Published Dissertation148

4.7.Citing Articles and Other Publications in Periodicals149

4.7.1.The Basic Entry:An Article in a Scholarly Journal with Continuous Pagination149

4.7.2.An Article in a Scholarly Journal That Pages Each Issue Separately152

4.7.3.An Article in a Scholarly Journal That Uses Only Issue Numbers153

4.7.4.An Article in a Scholarly Journal with More Than One Series153

4.7.5.An Article in a Newspaper154

4.7.6.An Article in a Magazine155

4.7.7.A Review156

4.7.8.An Abstract in an Abstracts Journal158

4.7.9.An Anonymous Article159

4.7.10.An Editorial159

4.7.11.A Letter to the Editor159

4.7.12.A Serialized Article160

4.7.13.A Special Issue161

4.7.14.An Article in a Microform Collection of Articles162

4.7.15.An Article Reprinted in a Loose-Leaf Collection of Articles162

4.8.Citing Miscellaneous Print and Nonprint Sources162

4.8.1.A Television or Radio Program162

4.8.2.A Sound Recording164

4.8.3.A Film or Video Recording167

4.8.4.A Performance169

4.8.5.A Musical Composition170

4.8.6.A Painting,Sculpture,or Photograph171

4.8.7.An Interview172

4.8.8.A Map or Chart173

4.8.9.A Cartoon174

4.8.10.An Advertisement174

4.8.11.A Lecture,a Speech,an Address,or a Reading174

4.8.12.A Manuscript or Typescript175

4.8.13.A Letter or Memo175

4.8.14.A Legal Source176

4.9.Citing Electronic Publications178

4.9.1.Introduction178

4.9.2.An Online Scholarly Project,Information Database,or Professional or Personal Site180

4.9.3.An Online Book183

4.9.4.An Article in an Online Periodical186

4.9.5.A Publication on CD-ROM,Diskette,or Magnetic Tape190

4.9.6.A Work in More Than One Publication Medium195

4.9.7.A Work from an Online Service195

4.9.8.A Work in an Indeterminate Medium196

4.9.9.Other Electronic Sources196

CHAPTER 5:Documentation:Citing Sources in the Text204

5.1.Parenthetical Documentation and the List of Works Cited204

5.2.Information Required in Parenthetical Documentation204

5.3.Readability206

5.4.Sample References208

5.4.1.Citing an Entire Print or Nonprint Work208

5.4.2.Citing Part of a Work211

5.4.3.Citing Volume and Page Numbers of a Multivolume Work214

5.4.4.Citing a Work Listed by Title215

5.4.5.Citing a Work by a Corporate Author217

5.4.6.Citing Two or More Works by the Same Author or Authors218

5.4.7.Citing Indirect Sources220

5.4.8.Citing Literary and Religious Works221

5.4.9.Citing More Than One Work in a Single Parenthetical Reference224

5.5.Using Notes with Parenthetical Documentation227

5.5.1.Content Notes227

5.5.2.Bibliographic Notes228

CHAPTER 6:Abbreviations232

6.1.Introduction232

6.2.Time Designations233

6.3.Geographic Names234

6.4.Common Scholarly Abbreviations237

6.5.Publishers'Names244

6.6.1.Selected Proofreading Symbols246

6.6.2.Common Correction Symbols and Abbreviations246

6.6.Symbols and Abbreviations Used in Proofreading and Correction246

6.7.Titles of Literary and Religious Works247

6.7.1.Bible247

6.7.2.Shakespeare250

6.7.3.Chaucer251

6.7.4.Other Literary Works252

Appendix A:Selected Reference Works by Field256

A.1.Anthropology256

A.2.Art256

A.3.Biology257

A.4.Business257

A.5.Chemistry258

A.6.Computer Science258

A.7.Education259

A.8.Environmental Sciences259

A.11.History260

A.9.Geography260

A.10.Geology260

A.12.Language and Literature261

A.13.Law262

A.14.Mathematics262

A.15.Medicine263

A.16.Music263

A.17.Philosophy263

A.18.Physics264

A.19.Psychology264

A.20.Religion265

A.21.Science and Technology265

A.22.Sociology265

B.1.1.Documentation Notes versus the List of Works Cited and Parenthetical References268

B.1.2.Note Numbers268

B.1.Endnotes and Footnotes268

Appendix B:Other Systems of Documentation268

B.1.3.Note Form versus Bibliographic Form269

B.1.4.Endnotes versus Footnotes269

B.1.5.Sample First Note References:Books and Other Nonperiodical Publications270

B.1.6.Sample First Note References:Articles and Other Publications in Periodicals273

B.1.7.Sample First Note References:Miscellaneous Print and Nonprint Sources276

B.1.8.Sample First Nore References:Electronic Publications279

B.1.9.Subsequent References284

B.2.Author-Date System285

B.3.Number System287

B.4.Specialized Style Manuals288

Sample Pages of a Research Paper in MLA Style291

Index295