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Part 1 Word and Sentence Level1

Chapter 1 Capitalization2

1.1 General Rule2

1.2 Specific Rules2

EXERCISE4

Chapter 2 Compound Words6

2.1 Types of compounds6

2.2 Plurals and Possessives6

2.3 Stress with compounds7

EXERCISE7

Chapter 3 Modifier Placement9

3.1 Misplaced Modifiers9

3.2 Dangling Modifiers10

EXERCISES11

Chapter 4 Parallel Form13

4.1 What is a parallel form?13

4.2 Repetition of Key Words13

4.3 Faulty Parallel Structure14

4.4 Variation in a Series15

EXERCISES16

Chapter 5 Sentence Fragment18

5.1 Minor Sentence18

5.2 Sentence fragment18

5.3 Fragment Mending20

EXERCISE20

Chapter 6 Run-on Sentence and Comma splice22

6.1 Run-ons22

6.2 Comma Splice22

6.3 Correcting23

EXERCISE24

Chapter 7 Sentence Combining Ⅰ26

7.1 Compound Sentence26

7.2 Complex Sentence27

7.3 Complex-compound sentence27

7.4 Sentence Combining28

EXERCISE28

Chapter 8 Sentence Combining Ⅱ31

8.1 Conjunctions31

8.2 Coordination31

8.3 Subordination32

8.4 Appositives33

8.5 Evaluating Sentence Combinations33

EXERCISE34

Chapter 9 Sentence Variety36

9.1 Sentence Length36

9.2 Sentence Openings37

EXERCISE38

Part 2 Paragraph Level41

Chapter 1 Opening Paragraph42

1.1 Anecdote43

1.2 Declarative43

1.3 Surprisings tatement44

1.4 Quotation45

1.5 Question45

EXERCISE46

Chapter 2 Topic Sentences and Paragraph Development48

EXERCISE49

Chapter 3 Unity52

3.1 Introduction52

3.2 How to Write a Unified Paragraph53

3.3 Outlining53

EXERCISE54

Chapter 4 Coherence and Transition57

4.1 Transition57

4.2 Repetition60

4.3 Parallel Structure61

EXERCISE61

Part 3 Patterns of Organization63

Chapter 1 Narrative64

1.1 Introduction64

1.2 How to Write a Narrative65

1.2.1 Decide upon a Theme65

1.2.2 Select the Details66

1.2.3 Organize the Narrative in an Appropriate Order66

A Narrative-Foolish Love67

Chapter 2 Description69

What is Description?69

2.1 Be Purposeful70

2.2 Dominant Impression70

2.3 Sensory Details71

2.4 A Descriptive Essay73

Chapter 3 Cause and Effect75

3.1 Establish Your Focus75

3.2 Order75

3.3 Transition76

EXERCISE76

Questions78

Chapter 4 Comparison and Contrast79

4.1 General Rules79

4.2 Organizing Patterns80

EXERCISE82

Chapter 5 Augmentation85

5.1 What is Argument?85

5.2 Thesis Statement85

5.3 The Five-Paragraph Essay86

5.4 Citing the Authorities86

5.5 Using Personal Experience87

5.6 Using Statistics87

5.7 Using Facts87

EXERCISE88

Evaluating the Draft89

Part 4 Writing for Practical Purpose:IELTS91

Chapter 1 IELTS-A Goeral Introductcon92

1.1 Introduction92

1.2 Scoring Criteria92

Chapter 2 Common Mistakes94

2.1 Choppy Sentences94

2.2 Stringy Sentences94

2.3 Confusing Shift95

EXERCISES96

Chapter 3 Writing Task 1:Graph99

3.1 Paragraphing99

3.2 Scales99

3.3 Introduction99

3.4 Words100

Chapter 4 Samples Analysis103

3.1 BarChart-An Example103

Task Analysis103

Model Essay:104

3.2 Table104

Task Analysis105

Model Description105

3.3 Line Chart106

Task Analysis106

Model Description106

3.4 Pie Chart107

Task Analysis107

Model Essay107

3.5 Flow Chart108

Task Analysis109

Model Description109

Chapter 5 Task 2:An Overview112

5.1 Strategies for Writing Task 2112

5.2 Four types113

Chapter 6 Opinion-stating Mode114

6.1 Structure and Content114

A Model Essay114

Sentence patterns&ll6

EXERCISE116

Chapter 7 Comparison Mode118

Model Essay118

EXERCISE119

Chapter 8 Problem-solving Mode120

Model Essay120

EXERCISE121

Works Cited122