Ceramic Matrix Composites Fiber Reinforced Ceramics and their Applications2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

Ceramic Matrix Composites Fiber Reinforced Ceramics and their ApplicationsPDF格式电子书版下载

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1 Fibers for Ceramic Matrix Composites&Bernd ClauB1

1.1 Introduction1

1.2 Fibers as Reinforcement in Ceramics1

1.3 Structure and Properties of Fibers2

1.3.1 Fiber Structure2

1.3.2 Structure Formation3

1.3.3 Structure Parameters and Fiber Properties4

1.4 Inorganic Fibers7

1.4.1 Production Processes7

1.4.1.1 Indirect Fiber Production7

1.4.1.2 Direct Fiber Production7

1.4.2 Properties of Commercial Products9

1.4.2.1 Comparison of Oxide and Non-oxide Ceramic Fibers9

1.4.2.2 Oxide Ceramic Filament Fibers10

1.4.2.3 Non-oxide Ceramic Filament Fibers11

1.5 Carbon Fibers12

1.5.1 Production Processes15

1.5.1.1 Carbon Fibers from PAN Precursors15

1.5.1.2 Carbon Fibers from Pitch Precursors17

1.5.1.3 Carbon Fibers from Regenerated Cellulose17

1.5.2 Commercial Products18

Acknowledgments19

2 Textile Reinforcement Structures&Thomas Gries，Jan Stuve，and Tim Grundmann21

2.1 Introduction21

2.1.1 Definition for the Differentiation of Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Textile Structures23

2.1.2 Yarn Structures23

2.2 Two-Dimensional Textiles24

2.2.1 Nonwovens24

2.2.2 Woven Fabrics25

2.2.3 Braids27

2.2.4 Knitted Fabrics28

2.2.5 Non-crimp Fabrics29

2.3 Three-Dimensional Textiles30

2.3.1 Three-Dimensional Woven Structures30

2.3.2 Braids32

2.3.2.1 Overbraided Structures32

2.3.2.2 Three-Dimensional Braided Structures34

2.3.3 Three-Dimensional Knits37

2.3.3.1 Multilayer Weft-Knits37

2.3.3.2 Spacer Warp-Knits37

2.4 Preforming38

2.4.1 One-Step/Multi-Step Preforming38

2.4.2 Cutting39

2.4.3 Handling and Draping39

2.4.4 Joining Technologies40

2.5 Textile Testing41

2.5.1 Tensile Strength41

2.5.2 Bending Stiffness41

2.5.3 Filament Damage42

2.5.4 Drapability42

2.5.5 Quality Management42

2.6 Conclusions43

2.6.1 Processability of Brittle Fibers43

2.6.2 Infiltration of the Textile Structure43

2.6.3 Mechanical Properties of the Final CMC Structure44

2.6.4 Productivity and Production Process Complexity44

2.7 Summary and Outlook44

Acknowledgments45

3 Interfaces and Interphases&Jacques Lamon49

3.1 Introduction49

3.2 Role of Interfacial Domain in CMCs50

3.3 Mechanism of Deviation of Transverse Cracks52

3.4 Phenomena Associated to Deviation of Matrix Cracks53

3.5 Tailoring Fiber/Matrix Interfaces.Influence on Mechanical Properties and Behavior55

3.6 Various Concepts of Weak Interfaces/ Interphases59

3.7 Interfacial Properties61

3.8 Interface Control64

3.9 Conclusions66

4 Carbon/Carbons and Their Industrial Applications&Roland WeiB69

4.1 Introduction69

4.2 Manufacturing of C/Cs69

4.2.1 Carbon Fiber Reinforcements71

4.2.2 Matrix Systems73

4.2.2.1 Thermosetting Resins as Matrix Precursors73

4.2.2.2 Thermoplastics as Matrix Precursors74

4.2.2.3 Gas Phase Derived Carbon Matrices75

4.2.3 Redensification/Recarbonization Cycles79

4.2.4 Final Heat Treatment（HTT）80

4.3 Industrial Applications of C/Cs82

4.3.1 Oxidation Protection of C/Cs83

4.3.1.1 Bulk Protection Systems for C/Cs83

4.3.1.2 Outer Multilayer Coatings88

4.3.1.3 Outer Glass Sealing Layers90

4.3.2 Industrial Applications of C/Cs92

4.3.2.1 C/Cs for High Temperature Furnaces97

4.3.2.2 Application for Thermal Treatments of Metals102

4.3.2.3 Application of C/C in the Solar Energy Market105

5 Melt Infiltration Process&Bernhard Heidenreich113

5.1 Introduction113

5.2 Processing114

5.2.1 Build-up of Fiber Protection and Fiber/Matrix Interface115

5.2.2 Manufacture of Fiber Reinforced Green Bodies117

5.2.3 Build-up of a Porous，Fiber Reinforced Preform118

5.2.4 Si Infiltration and Build-up of SiC Matrix119

5.3 Properties121

5.3.1 Material Composition127

5.3.2 Mechanical Properties128

5.3.3 CTE and Thermal Conductivity130

5.3.4 Frictional Properties131

5.4 Applications131

5.4.1 Space Applications131

5.4.2 Short-term Aeronautics133

5.4.3 Long-term Aeronautics and Power Generation133

5.4.4 Friction Systems134

5.4.5 Low-Expansion Structures135

5.4.6 Further Applications136

5.5 Summary137

6 Chemical Vapor Infiltration Processes for Ceramic Matrix Composites：Manufacturing，Properties，Applications&Martin Leuchs141

6.1 Introduction141

6.2 CVI Manufacturing Process for CMCs143

6.2.1 Isothermal-Isobaric Infiltration144

6.2.2 Gradient Infiltration145

6.2.3 Discussion of the Two CVI-processes146

6.3 Properties of CVI Derived CMCs146

6.3.1 General Remarks146

6.3.2 Mechanical Properties148

6.3.2.1 Fracture Mechanism and Toughness148

6.3.2.2 Stress-Strain Behavior149

6.3.2.3 Dynamic Loads151

6.3.2.4 High Temperature Properties and Corrosion151

6.3.2.5 Thermal and Electrical Properties153

6.4 Applications and Main Developments153

6.4.1 Hot Structures in Space153

6.4.2 Gas Turbines155

6.4.3 Material for Fusion Reactors156

6.4.4 Components for Journal Bearings156

6.5 Outlook161

7 The PIP-process：Precursor Properties and Applications&Gunter Motz，Stephan Schmidt，and Steffen Beyer165

7.1 Si-based Precursors165

7.1.1 Introduction165

7.1.2 Precursor Systems and Properties166

7.1.3 Cross-Linking Behavior of Precursors167

7.1.4 Pyrolysis Behavior of Precursors169

7.1.5 Commercial Available Non-oxide Precursors171

7.2 The Polymer Impregnation and Pyrolysis Process（PIP）171

7.2.1 Introduction171

7.2.2 Manufacturing Technology173

7.2.2.1 Preform Manufacturing173

7.2.2.2 Manufacturing of CMC175

7.3 Applications of the PIP-process180

7.3.1 Launcher Propulsion180

7.3.2 Satellite Propulsion182

7.4 Summary184

8 Oxide/Oxide Composites with Fiber Coatings&George Jefferson，Kristin A.Keller，Randall S.Hay，and Ronald J.Kerans187

8.1 Introduction187

8.2 Applications189

8.3 CMC Fiber-Matrix Interfaces189

8.3.1 Interface Control190

8.3.2 Fiber Coating Methods191

8.3.3 CMC Processing194

8.3.4 Fiber-Matrix Interfaces195

8.3.4.1 Weak Oxides195

8.3.4.2 Porous Coatings and Fugitive Coatings197

8.3.4.3 Other Coatings198

8.4 Summary and Future Work198

9 All-Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composites with Porous Matrices&Martin Schmucker and Peter Mechnich205

9.1 Introduction205

9.1.1 Oxide Ceramic Fibers206

9.1.2 “Classical” CMC Concepts207

9.2 Porous Oxide/Oxide CMCs without Fiber/Matrix Interphase208

9.2.1 Materials and CMC Manufacturing210

9.2.2 Mechanical Properties214

9.2.3 Thermal Stability218

9.2.4 Other Properties220

9.3 Oxide/Oxide CMCs with Protective Coatings223

9.4 Applications of Porous Oxide/Oxide CMCs226

10 Microstructural Modeling and Thermomechanical Properties&Dietmar Koch231

10.1 Introduction231

10.2 General Concepts of CMC Design，Resulting Properties，and Modeling232

10.2.1 Weak Interface Composites WIC232

10.2.2 Weak Matrix Composites WMC237

10.2.3 Assessment of Properties of WIC and WMC238

10.2.4 Modeling of the Mechanical Behavior of WMC238

10.2.5 Concluding Remarks243

10.3 Mechanical Properties of CMC244

10.3.1 General Mechanical Behavior244

10.3.2 High Temperature Properties246

10.3.3 Fatigue251

10.3.4 Concluding Remarks255

Acknowledgment256

11 Non-destructive Testing Techniques for CMC Materials&Jan Marcel Hausherr and Walter Krenkel261

11.1 Introduction261

11.2 Optical and Haptic Inspection Analysis261

11.3 Ultrasonic Analysis262

11.3.1 Physical Principle and Technical Implementation263

11.3.2 Transmission Analysis264

11.3.3 Echo-Pulse Analysis265

11.3.4 Methods and Technical Implementation266

11.3.5 Ultrasonic Analysis of CMC267

11.4 Thermography268

11.4.1 Thermal Imaging（Infrared Photography）269

11.4.2 Lockin Thermography271

11.4.3 Ultrasonic Induced Thermography272

11.4.4 Damage Detection Using Thermography272

11.5 Radiography（X-Ray Analysis）273

11.5.1 Detection of X-Rays273

11.5.1.1 X-Ray Film（Photographic Plates）274

11.5.1.2 X-Ray Image Intensifier274

11.5.1.3 Solid State Arrays275

11.5.1.4 Gas Ionization Detectors（Geiger Counter）275

11.5.2 Application of Radiography for C/SiC Composites275

11.5.3 Limitations and Disadvantages of Radiography277

11.6 X-Ray Computed Tomography277

11.6.1 Functional Principle of CT277

11.6.2 Computed Tomography for Defect Detection279

11.6.3 Micro-structural CT-Analysis280

11.6.4 Process Accompanying CT-Analysis282

11.7 Conclusions283

12 Machining Aspects for the Drilling of C/C-SiC Materials&Klaus Weinert and Tim Jansen287

12.1 Introduction287

12.2 Analysis of Machining Task288

12.3 Determination of Optimization Potentials290

12.3.1 Tool290

12.3.2 Parameters294

12.3.3 Basic Conditions294

12.4 Process Strategies295

12.5 Conclusions300

13 Advanced Joining and Integration Technologies for Ceramic Matrix Composite Systems&Mrityunjay Singh and Rajiv Asthana303

13.1 Introduction303

13.2 Need for Joining and Integration Technologies304

13.3 Joint Design，Analysis，and Testing Issue304

13.3.1 Wettability305

13.3.2 Surface Roughness306

13.3.3 Joint Design and Stress State306

13.3.4 Residual Stress，Joint Strength，and Joint Stability307

13.4 Joining and Integration of CMC-Metal Systems309

13.5 Joining and Integration of CMC-CMC Systems314

13.6 Application in Subcomponents318

13.7 Repair of Composite Systems321

13.8 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions322

Acknowledgments323

14 CMC Materials for Space and Aeronautical Applications&Francois Christin327

14.1 Introduction327

14.2 Carbon/Carbon Composites328

14.2.1 Manufacturing of Carbon/Carbon Composites328

14.2.1.1 n-Dimensional Reinforcement328

14.2.1.2 Three-Dimensional Reinforcement Preforms329

14.2.1.3 Densification333

14.2.2 Carbon/Carbon Composites Applications335

14.2.2.1 Solid Rocket Motors（SRM）Nozzles335

14.2.2.2 Liquid Rocket Engines（LRE）337

14.2.2.3 Friction Applications338

14.3 Ceramic Composites338

14.3.1 SiC-SiC and Carbon-SiC Composites Manufacture339

14.3.1.1 Elaboration340

14.3.2 SiC-SiC and Carbon-SiC Composites Applications340

14.3.2.1 Aeronautical and Space Applications340

14.3.2.2 Liquid Rocket Engines Applications341

14.3.3 A Breakthrough with a New Concept：The Self-Healing Matrix343

14.3.3.1 Manufacturing of Ceramic Composites343

14.3.3.2 The Self-Healing Matrix344

14.3.3.3 Characterization344

14.3.4 Representative Applications of These New Materials347

14.3.4.1 Military Aeronautical Applications347

14.3.4.2 Commercial Aeronautical Applications349

15 CMC for Nuclear Applications&Akira Kohyama353

15.1 Introduction353

15.2 Gas Reactor Technology and Ceramic Materials354

15.3 Ceramic Fiber Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composites（CFRC，CMC）356

15.4 Innovative SiC/SiC by NITE Process358

15.5 Characteristic Features of SiC/SiC Composites by NITE Process359

15.6 Effects of Radiation Damage362

15.6.1 Ion-Irradiation Technology for SiC Materials363

15.6.2 Micro-Structural Evolution and Swelling364

15.6.3 Thermal Conductivity366

15.6.4 Mechanical Property Changes369

15.7 Mechanical Property Evaluation Methods371

15.7.1 Impulse Excitation Method for Young’s Modulus Determination372

15.7.2 Bulk Strength Testing Methods for Ceramics373

15.7.3 Test Methods for Composites374

15.7.4 Development of Materials Database378

15.8 New GFR Concepts Utilizing SiC/SiC Composite Materials379

15.9 Concluding Remarks381

16 CMCs for Friction Applications&Walter Krenkel and Ralph Renz385

16.1 Introduction385

16.2 C/SiC Pads for Advanced Friction Systems385

16.2.1 Brake Pads for Emergency Brake Systems388

16.2.2 C/SiC Brake Pads for High-Performance Elevators388

16.3 Ceramic Brake Disks391

16.3.1 Material Properties392

16.3.2 Manufacturing394

16.3.3 Braking Mechanism396

16.3.4 Design Aspects398

16.3.5 Testing401

16.4 Ceramic Clutches403

Index409