语言学理论与流派2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

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Chapter 1 Introduction：Language and Linguistics1

1.1 What Is Linguistics?3

1.2 Is Linguistics a Science?5

1.3 Branches of Linguistics7

1.4 Linguistic Theories：Past and Present9

Chapter 2 A Brief History of Linguistics：An Overview16

2.0 Introduction16

2.1 Linguistics in Ancient Times19

2.1.1 Indian Linguistics19

2.1.2 Chinese Linguistics24

2.1.3 Greek Linguistics27

2.1.4 Roman Linguistics31

2.2 Linguistics in the Middle Ages35

2.2.1 Aelfric's Latin Grammar and Colloquium36

2.2.2 Alexander of Villedieu's Doctrinale36

2.2.3 The First Grammatical Treatise37

2.2.4 Scholasticism and Speculative Grammars37

2.2.5 Logicalisation of Grammar42

2.2.6 Petrus Hispanus and the Summulae logicales43

2.3 Linguistics in the Renaissance46

2.3.1 Hebrew and Arabic47

2.3.2 European Languages49

2.3.3 The Port-Royal Grammarians52

2.3.4 Empiricism and the Reworking of English Grammars55

2.4 Linguistics in the 18th Century59

2.4.1 The Discovery of Sanskrit59

2.4.2 Philosophical and Linguistic Inquiries61

2.5 Conclusion67

Chapter 3 The 19th-century Historical and Comparative Linguistics69

3.0 Introduction69

3.1 Early Efforts in Historical Linguistics71

3.2 Rask,Grimm,and Verner74

3.3 Humboldt and Schleicher78

3.4 Neogrammarians86

3.5 Sanskrit and Historical Linguistics91

3.6 Conclusion92

Chapter 4 The Beginning of Modern Linguistics94

4.0 Introduction94

4.1 Saussure the Man95

4.2 Historical Background98

4.2.1 Linguistics98

4.2.2 Sociology101

4.2.3 Psychology105

4.3 The Making of the Course108

4.4 Saussure and Comparative Linguistics110

4.5 Saussure's Theory of Language114

4.5.1 The Arbitrary Nature of the Sign115

4.5.2 The Linear Nature of the Signifier118

4.5.3 The Immutable Nature of the Signifier120

4.5.4 The Nature of Linguistic Units121

4.5.5 Langue and Parole125

4.5.6 Synchrony and Diachrony129

4.6 Saussure's Legacy：Semiology132

4.7 Conclusion136

Chapter 5 American Descriptive and Structuralist Linguistics140

5.0 Introduction140

5.1 The Founding Stage142

5.1.1 Franz Boas142

5.1.2 Edward Satpir146

5.1.3 The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis158

5.2 The Bloomfieldian Age166

5.2.1 Bloomfield the Man166

5.2.2 Bloomfield and Behaviourism168

5.2.3 Bloomfield and his Language172

5.2.4 Structuralism and Language Teaching177

5.3 The Post-Bloomfieldian Period179

5.3.1 Zellig Harris180

5.3.2 Charles Hockett190

5.3.3 Kenneth Pike194

5.4 A Comparison between Traditional and Structural Grammars200

5.5 Conclusion201

Chapter 6 Chomsky and Transformational-Generative Grammar203

6.0 Introduction203

6.1 Chomsky the Man204

6.2 Chomsky's Philosophy of Language205

6.2.1 Background205

6.2.2 What Is Language?207

6.2.3 The Innateness Hypothesis208

6.2.4 Universal Grammar and Particular Grammar212

6.2.5 What Is a Generative Grammar?213

6.3 The Classical Theory214

6.4 The Standard Theory223

6.5 The Extended Standard Theory229

6.6 Government and Binding Theory251

6.7 The Minimalist Program and Inquiries261

6.8 A Comparison between TG Grammar and Structural Grammar265

6.9 Conclusion266

Chapter 7 Early Functionalist Linguistics Theories269

7.0 Introduction269

7.1 The Prague School270

7.1.1 Historical Background270

7.1.2 Theories of Language272

7.1.3 Phonology and Phonological Opposition279

7.1.4 Distinctive Features283

7.1.5 Functional Sentence Perspective(FSP)286

7.2 The Copenhagen School—293

7.3 The London School297

7.3.1 B.Malinowski299

7.3.2 J.R.Firth302

7.4 Conclusion310

Chapter 8 Halliday and Systemic-Functional Grammar312

8.0 Introduction312

8.1 Halliday the Man312

8.2 Halliday's Philosophy of Language314

8.3 Systemic Grammar316

8.3.1 Entry Conditions320

8.3.2 Scale of Delicacy321

8.3.3 Meaning Potential and Realisation323

8.4 Functional Grammar324

8.4.1 The Ideational Function326

8.4.2 The Interpersonal Function333

8.4.3 The Textual Function336

8.5 Halliday and Sociolinguistics339

8.5.1 Language and Social Man339

8.5.2 Field342

8.5.3 Tenor343

8.5.4 Mode344

8.5.5 Register and Genre345

8.6 Theoretical Issues347

8.7 Conclusion352

Chapter 9 Linguistic Theories in the Latter Half of the 20th Century355

9.0 Introduction355

9.1 Stratificational Grammar355

9.2 Case Grammar360

9.3 Generative Semantics367

9.4 Relational Grammar373

9.5 Montague Grammar378

9.6 Conclusion383

Chapter 10 Modern Chinese Linguistics385

10.0 Introduction385

10.1 The Beginning Stage387

10.1.1 The Pioneer：Ma Jianzhong387

10.1.2 Classical Chinese Grammars389

10.1.3 Vernacular Chinese Grammars392

10.2 The Stage of Innovation394

10.2.1 Pioneers：Wang Li,Chen Wangdao and Fang Guangtao395

10.2.2 Wang Li：Modern Chinese Grammar399

10.2.3 Lü Shuxiang：Aspects of Chinese Grammar401

10.2.4 Gao Mingkai and his On Chinese Grammar403

10.2.5 Structuralist Chinese Grammars407

10.3 The Stage of Prosperity410

10.3.1 Grammar and Language Learning411

10.3.2 School Grammars412

10.4 The Stage of Full Development414

10.4.1 LüShuxiang：Problems of Grammatical Analysis in Chinese415

10.4.2 Zhu Dexi and Modern Chinese Grammar418

10.4.3 The Three-Level Analysis419

10.4.4 The Linguistic Association of China421

10.4.5 Further Systematic Studies422

10.5 Chinese Linguistics Overseas424

10.5.1 Structuralist Chinese Linguistics425

10.5.2 Transformational-Generative Chinese Linguistics428

10.5.3 Functionalist Chinese Linguistics429

10.5.4 The International Association of Chinese Linguistics431

10.6 Conclusion432

Bibliography437

Index445

后记455