The Cyclopedia Of Medicine Volume Five2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

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Edema1

Ⅰ．Edema in General1

Ⅱ．Edema in Special4

1．Edema in Heart Disease5

2．Edema in Kidney Disease6

3．“Nephritis”as Edema of Kidney7

4．Edema of Brain(Coma，Ure-mia，Diabetes)9

5．Edema of Eye(Glaucoma)11

Ⅲ．Treatment of Edema(Theoretical)12

Ⅳ．Treatment of Edema(Practical)13

1．Local Measures14

2．Constitutional Measures17

Ⅴ．Concluding Remarks20

Elaterium and Elaterin25

Preparations and Dose25

Physiological Action25

Poisoning by Elaterium26

Treatment26

Therapeutics26

Electrotherapeutics26

Sources of Heat26

Hot Applicators27

Baths27

Radiation28

Electric Current29

Constant and Interrupted Currents of Low Frequency36

Ⅰ．Constant or Galvanic Current36

Ⅱ．Interrupted Currents of Low Frequency42

Static Electricity46

History46

Static Machines47

Methods Employed48

Contraindications51

Medical High Frequency Currents51

Technics51

Medical Diathermy52

Therapeutics55

Electrosurgery64

1．Electrocautery65

2．Surgical Ionization65

3．Surgical Diathermy66

Elephantiasis77

Definition77

Etiology77

Pathology77

Symptoms78

Diagnosis79

Prognosis79

Treatment79

Emetine81

Preparations and Doce82

Physiological Action82

Therapeutics82

Emphysema，Pulmonary84

Definition84

Pulmonary Vesicular Emphysema86

Definition86

Pathogenesis86

Varieties or Types88

Pathology90

Signs and Symptoms91

Diagnosis98

Clinical Course and Sequelae100

Treatment101

Emphysema，Subcutaneous105

Definition105

Symptomatology105

Treatment105

Encephalitis，Epidemic105

Synonyms105

Definition106

History and Epidemiology106

Etiology107

Pathology108

Symptomatology109

Acute Stage110

Intermediate Stage111

Chronic Stage113

Differential Diagnosis116

Treatment118

Encephalitis Periaxialis Diffusa121

Synonym121

Definition121

Symptoms121

Varieties122

Pathology122

Differential Diagnosis123

Treatment123

Encephalogram，Interpretation of124

Technic of Encephalography124

A．Surgical Technic124

B．X-ray Technic125

Origin，Course，Distribution，and Absorption of Cerebrospinal Fluid126

Encephalogram in the Normal130

Encephalogram in the Abnormal131

Ⅰ．Blocking of Fluid Pathways131

Ⅱ．Dilatation of Fluid Spaces136

Encephalomalacia144

Definition144

Etiology144

Pathology145

Differential Diagnosis145

Prognosis146

Treatment146

Encephalomyelitis Disseminata147

Definition147

Etiology147

Pathology147

Symptomatology147

Diagnosis150

Treatment151

Endocrine Glands152

Correlation of Endocrine Glands152

Primary and Secondary Diseases of155

Conclusions161

Innervation of Glands of Internal Secretion162

Neuro-endocrinology169

Thyroid169

Parathyroids170

Pituitary171

Adrenals172

Pancreas174

Ovaries174

Testes174

Conclusion175

Juvenile Endocrinopathies176

Thyroid Gland176

Thymus194

Adrenal Glands203

Role of Endocrines in Gynecology and Obstetrics206

Menstruation，Normal and Abnormal206

Treatment of Functional Sterility and Associated Menstrual Disorders212

Endocrines in Pregnancy214

Incretory Functions of Testes217

Ⅰ．Introduction217

Ⅱ．Sexual Differentiation and Testes218

Ⅲ．Conclusions259

Pluriglandular Syndromes264

Introduction264

Clinical Findings271

Complications275

History275

Laboratory Findings279

Group 1-b．Pituitary Dysfunction Following Earlier Overactivity with Thyroid Failure of Much Later Development282

Group 3-a．Thyroid Failure with Ovarian Failure283

Group 1-a．Pituitary Failure and Thyroid Failure284

Group 1-b．Pituitary Dysfunction and Thyroid Failure286

Group 5-a．Pancreatic Diabetes and Hypopituitarism with Tumor287

Group 5-b．Pancreatic Diabetes and Thyroid Dysfunction with Exophthalmic Goiter289

Conclusion291

Endometriosis291

Definition291

Classification291

Nomenclature292

History292

Etiology294

Embryonic Theories294

Serosal，Metaplasian and Heterotopic Theories297

Mucosal Theories298

Implantation299

Transplantation302

Metastatic303

Summary of Theories303

Pathology304

Microscopic Pathology305

Distribution and Incidence306

Location307

Endometriosis of Uterus307

Endometriosis of Uterine Tubes310

Endometriosis of Round Ligaments312

Endometriosis of Ovary313

Endometriosis of Intestine317

Endometriosis of Bladder and Ureter319

Endometriosis of Peritoneum323

Endometriosis of Umbilicus324

Endometriosis of Laparotomy Scars324

Endometriosis and Pregnancy326

Endometriosis and Malignancy327

Diagnosis and Symptoms328

Treatment328

Endometritis332

Introduction332

Acute Endometritis333

Classification333

Puerperal Endometritis336

Chronic Endometritis341

Pathological Changes342

Symptoms342

Diagnosis343

Prognosis343

Treatment343

Endoscopy345

Laryngoscopy345

Indirect345

Direct345

Bronchoscopy348

Technic349

Contraindications350

Bronchoscopy for Foreign Body352

Bronchoscopy for Disease359

Esophagoscopy and Gastroscopy368

Technic369

Enemata371

Technic372

Nutrient Enemata372

Technic373

Enuresis in Children373

Definition373

Frequency373

Etiology and Symptomatology374

Pollakiuria374

Enuresis as a Behavior Disorder375

Differential Diagnosis376

Management and Treatment377

Ephedrine378

Dose and Modes of Administration378

Physiologic Action378

Toxicology379

Therapeutics379

Phenylaminoethanol Sulphate380

Epilepsy381

Definition381

Historical381

Types381

Description of Seizures383

Aura383

Grand Mal383

Petit Mal384

Psychological and Mental Aspects385

Mental Aspects385

Neurological Mechanisms385

Prevalence386

Age at Onset387

Etiology387

Heredity388

Pathology389

Brain389

Outside the Nervous System391

Gastrointestinal Tract392

Respiration392

Circulation392

Endocrine Glands392

Body Fluids393

Physico-chemical Processes Modifying Seizures393

Differential Diagnosis395

Description of Attack396

Examination397

Prognosis398

Prophylaxis398

Genetics398

Prevention of Contributing Causes400

Preconvulsive Phenomena400

Treatment400

General Hygiene401

Treatment during Attack403

Mental Hygiene404

Medication405

Epistaxis406

Definition406

Blood Supply of Nose407

Etiology407

A．Trauma407

B．Disease408

C．Violent Exertion408

D．Menstrual Suppression and Vicarious Menstruation408

E．High Altitudes408

Pathology409

Diagnosis410

Treatment410

Packing the Nose411

Ergot412

Preparations and Dose413

Subcutaneously414

Physiological Action414

Circulation414

Uterus414

Muscular System414

Elimination414

Ergot Poisoning414

Treatment of Ergot Poisoning415

Therapeutics415

Labor415

Abortion416

Prostatic Hypertrophy416

Hemorrhage416

Erigeron，or Fleabane416

Preparations and Dose416

Physiological Action416

Therapeutics416

Erysipelas416

Synonym416

Definition416

Symptoms417

Complications417

Diagnosis417

Prognosis417

Treatment417

Erythema419

Definition419

Etiology419

Symptoms420

Diagnosis422

Treatment422

Erythema Multiforme422

Synonyms422

Definition422

Etiology423

Pathology423

Symptoms423

Diagnosis424

Prognosis424

Treatment424

Erythema Nodosum424

Definition424

Incidence425

Etiology425

Diagnosis426

Prognosis426

Treatment426

Erythrol Tetranitrate426

Preparations and Dose426

Physiological Action426

Therapeutics426

Esophagectomy426

Definition426

General Considerations427

Cervical Esophagectomy427

Preliminary Treatment427

Extent of Excision427

Anesthesia428

Operative Procedure428

After-treatment429

Reconstruction of Esophagus430

Thoracic Esophagectomy431

Retropleural Method432

Transpleural Method432

Torek＇s Transpleural Method434

Torek＇s Extrapleural Method439

Esophagectomy in Uppermost Part of Thorax440

Danger from Injury to Vagi440

Abdominal Esophagectomy440

Combined Thoracic and Abdominal Esophagectomy442

Results of Esophagectomy444

Esophagus，Diseases of445

Introduction445

Anatomic and Physiologic Considerations445

Deglutition446

Secondary Swallowing Movements447

Peristalsis of the Esophagus447

Anomalies of Esophagus447

Congenital Stricture447

Congenital Diverticula448

Congenital Webs448

Symptomatology448

Diagnosis448

Prognosis448

Treatment449

Spontaneous Rupture of Esophagus449

Trauma of Esophagus449

Symptoms450

Diagnosis450

Prognosis450

Treatment450

Acute Esophagitis450

Diagnosis451

Prognosis451

Prophylaxis451

Treatment451

Chronic Esophagitis451

Definition451

Etiology451

Symptoms452

Treatment452

Erosions and Ulcers452

Erosions452

Ulcers452

Peptic Ulcer452

Stenosis of Esophagus，Cicatricial455

Definition455

Etiology455

Pathology456

Symptomatology456

Diagnosis456

Treatment456

Functional Diseases of Esophagus458

Definition458

Paralysis of Deglutition459

Incoordination of Cropharyngeal Pinchcock461

Incoordination of Diaphragmatic Pinchcock461

Diverticulum of Esophagus464

Diverticulum of Thoracic Esophagus465

Congenital Diverticulum of Thoracic Esophagus466

Pulsion Diverticulum of Pharynx467

Compression Stenosis474

Etiology474

Symptoms474

Diagnosis475

Treatment475

Carcinoma and Sarcoma476

Definition476

Incidence476

Etiology476

Pathology477

Symptomatology478

Diagnosis479

Prognosis480

Prophylaxis480

Treatment481

Benign Growths484

Etiology484

Symptoms484

Diagnosis484

Treatment484

Hysteria of Esophagus and Globus Hystericus485

Angioneurotic Edema，Herpes，Urticaria，and Serum Disease485

Diagnosis485

Prognosis486

Treatment486

Foreign Body486

Symptomatology and Diagnosis486

Prognosis497

Treatment501

Estruation510

Definition510

Physiologic Investigations511

Phenomena of Estrus Cycle511

Estrus Cycle of Rat511

Ovulation and Its Phenomena512

Correlation of Various Phenomena of Estrus512

Estrus Cycle of Rabbit514

Menstruation of Primates514

Female Sex Hormones Concerned with Estruation515

Anterior Lobe of Hypophysis515

Hormones Produced by Ovary515

Luteal Hormone515

Ether(Sulphuric Ether)516

Preparations and Doses517

Ethyl Aminobenzoate517

Preparations and Dose517

Physiological Action517

Therapeutics517

Ethyl Bromide518

Preparations and Dose518

Physiological Action and Untoward Effects518

Therapeutics518

Ethyl Chloride518

Dose and Physiological Action518

Poisoning by Ethyl Chloride519

Treatment of Ethyl Chloride Poisoning519

Therapeutics519

Local Anesthesia519

Neuralgia520

Ethyl Hydrocupreine or Optochin520

Dose and Administration520

Physiological Action520

Untoward Effects520

Therapeutics520

Ethylene521

Preparation and Properties521

Physiological Action and Untoward Effects521

Therapeutics522

Eucaine Hydrochloride524

Preparations and Dose524

Physiological Action524

Poisoning by Eucaine525

Treatment of Eucaine Poisoning525

Therapeutics525

Eucalyptus526

Preparations and Dose526

Physiological Action526

Poisoning by Eucalyptus526

Treatment of Poisoning by Eucalyptus526

Therapeutics526

Gastrointestinal Disorders527

Bronchial Disorders527

Genitourinary Disorders527

Nervous Disorders527

Euphthalmine Hydrochloride527

Preparations and Dose527

Physiological Action527

Therapeutics527

Europhen527

Dose and Physiological Action527

Therapeutics527

Wounds528

Cutaneous Disorders528

Venereal Disorders528

Nasal Disorders528

Exalgin528

Dose528

Physiological Action528

Exalgin Poisoning528

Treatment of Exalgin Poisoning529

Therapeutics529

Exanthema Subitum529

Age Incidence and Communicability530

Symptomatology530

Diagnosis531

Prognosis531

Treatment531

Exercise，Therapeutic531

Passive Exercise or Relaxed Movement532

Active Exercise533

Exercises for Various Joints536

Management of Sprain and Shoulder Joint536

Exercises in Fractures of Leg539

Foot Exercises541

Indications for Exercises543

In Convalescence543

In Chronic Arthritis543

In Chronic Constipation544

In Diabetes544

In Heart Disease544

In Pulmonary Tuberculosis545

In After-treatment of Hemiplegia545

In Tabes Dorsalis546

In Spinal Deformities548

In Infantile Paralysis and Peripheral Nerve Injuries549

In Obstetric Paralysis550

In Dysmenorrhea551

In Pregnancy551

In Puerperium551

In Mental Cases551

Active Exercise versus Mechanical Vibrators552

Hydrogymnastics553

Introduction553

Principles of Hydrogymnastics554

Muscle Reeducation557

Construction and Care of Equipment562

Exercises Used in Hydrogymnastics564

Treatment Schedule565

Therapeutic Application566

Eyeball568

Sclera and Cornea568

Pathological Considerations of the Cornea569

Uveal Tract570

Iris570

Ciliary Body571

Choroid571

Uveal Tract，Pathological Considerations of572

Retina573

Pathological Considerations574

Optic Nerve575

Pathological Considerations576

Vitreous576

Pathological Considerations577

Lens577

Pathological Considerations577

Anterior Chamber578

Posterior Chamber578

Aqueous578

Pathological Considerations578

Nerve Supply of Eye579

Blood Supply of Eye579

Eyelids，Diseases of580

Injuries580

1．Bruises and Abrasions580

2．Cuts and Lacerations580

3．Burns581

Inflammation of Eyelids581

Abscess(Phlegmon)581

Perifolliculitis(Hordeolum；Stye)582

Anomalies582

Congenital582

Acquired582

Blepharitis Ulcerosa584

Dermatosis of Eyelids585

Eczema585

Acne Rosacea585

Lupus Erythematosus585

Lupus Vulgaris586

Leprosy586

Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus586

Xanthoma586

Molluscum Contagiosum586

Blastomycosis587

Sporotrichosis of Lids587

Chalazion or Meibomian Cyst587

Edema of Eyelids588

Blepharochalasis of Lid588

Solid Edema588

Blepharoptosis588

Epithelial Tumors589

Papillomas589

Epithelioma589

Molluscum Fibrosum of von Recklinghausen590

Eyes，Diseases of590

Injuries of590

Direct Trauma，Injuries by590

Eye Injuries Produced by Indirect Trauma597

Injuries from Light，Electricity and Heat597

Complications of Eye Injuries598

Intraocular Foreign Bodies600

General Considerations600

Tolerance601

Diagnostic Factors and Diagnostic Procedures603

Localization604

Diagnosis of Diseases of Eye by Slit Lamp(Biomicroscopy)616

Slit Lamp Microscopes616

Fasting，a Study in626

Definition626

Therapeutic Effects627

Prolonged Fasts627

Scientific Observations627

Physiological Effect628

War Edema629

Duration of Life under Starvation629

Effect of Age upon Body Weight Loss630

Effect of External Temperature631

Water Deprivation631

Gastrointestinal Tract in Fasting632

Gastric Contractions and Hunger632

Gastric Secretion632

Changes in Gall-bladder633

Protein Metabolism Changes during Fasting633

Total Nitrogen Excretion634

Stored Protein635

Stored Fat636

Fat Withdrawal from Diet636

Blood Fat636

Blood Cholesterol in Fasting637

Weight Changes of Organs of Body638

Fasting and Carbohydrate Tolerance638

Effect of Forced Fluids639

Effect of Repeated Fasts640

Blood Picture Changes641

Cell Count641

Regenerative Power of Various Substances642

Body Surface Area and Heat Production642

Respiratory Quotient643

Ketosis of Starvation647

Variations in Different Species647

Acid-base Metabolism during Fasting647

Fasting and Epilepsy648

Excretion in Fasting Acidosis650

Creatin and Creatinine651

Uric Acid653

Urea and Urea Nitrogen654

Ammonia654

Chlorine655

Phosphorus655

Sulphur655

Calcium656

Magnesium657

Sodium and Potassium657

Feces662

Fatigue663

Introduction663

Feeling of Fatigue663

Causes of Fatigue664

Physical Exertion664

Nutrition665

Inadequate Sleep667

Light667

Noise and Vibration667

Ventilation668

Psychogenic Fatigue668

Occupational Fatigue669

Endocrinological Factors670

Summary670

Fats(Lipides)，Chemistry of670

Simple Lipides671

Fats671

Waxes673

Compound Lipides674

Phospholipides674

Lecithin674

Cephalin or Kephalin675

Sphingomyelin675

Glycolipides676

Derived Lipides676

Fatty Acids676

Sterols678

Physiological Importance of Lipides679

Fecal Impaction680

Symptoms680

Diagnosis681

Therapeutics681

Feces，Chemistry of681

Fecal Components682

Examination of Stool682

Chemical Composition of Feces683

Fecal Bacteria683

Nitrogenous Substances684

Lipides685

Fecal Enzymes688

Mineral Constituents688

Hydrogen Ion Concentration and Acid-base Balance690

Blood in Feces691

Summary691

Ferments692

Filariasis698

Definition698

Geographical Distribution698

Filariasis Associated with Filaria(Wuchereria)Bancroft698

General Description698

The Parasites699

Pathology700

Clinical Manifestations702

Diagnosis704

Prophylaxis704

Treatment704

Fistul？705

Definition705

Etiology705

Varieties705

Types705

Salivary Fistul？705

Tracheal Fistul？705

Esophageal Fistul？705

Lymph Fistul？ or Lymphorrhagia705

Aerial Fistul？705

Preauricular Fistul？705

Branchial Fistul？706

Thyroglossal Fistul？706

Bronchial Fistul？706

Biliobronchial Fistul？706

Biliary Fistul？706

Gastric Fistul？707

Duodenal Fistul？707

Gastrojejunocolic Fistul？707

Sigmoidovesical Fistul？707

Postoperative Fecal Fistul？708

External Intestinal Fistul？709

Internal Intestinal Fistul？709

Umbilical Fistul？709

Ureteral Fistul？709

Urinary Tract and Vaginal Fistul？710

Vesicocervical Fistul？710

Anal Fistul？711

Perianal Urinary Fistul？712

Flatulence713

Definition713

Etiology713

Treatment713

Focal Infection714

Definition715

Sites of Occurrence715

Causation716

Bacteriology716

Modes of Entrance of Bacteria into Primary Focus717

Source717

Pathways of Dissemination717

Pathology718

Diagnosis721

History of Primary Focus721

Symptoms722

Subjective Symptoms of Chronic Primary Foci723

Objective Symptoms723

Systemic Diseases which Have Their Origin in Foci of Infection725

Treatment725

Prophylaxis726

Elimination of Focus726

Food Poisoning731

Introduction731

Poisoning Due to Infection732

Diagnosis733

Symptoms734

Treatment734

Poisoning Due to Toxins735

Milk Poisoning735

Mushroom Poisoning735

Grain and Vegetable Poisoning737

Fish Poisoning737

Foods and Dietetics739

General Considerations739

Adequate Diet Requirements741

Energy Requirement741

Protein Requirement743

Mineral Requirement743

Other Mineral Elements747

Vitamine Requirement748

Food Products751

Foods of Animal Origin751

Foods of Vegetable Origin754

Fruits757

Nuts758

Molasses，Syrups and Honey758

Beverages758

Dietetics758

Diet in Disease762

Diseases in which Diet is of Paramount Importance763

Diseases in which Diets Are of Varying Importance763

Special Types of Diets763

High Roughage Diets763

Smooth Diet764

High Fat Diets764

Obesity Diet764

High Caloric Diets765

Base-forming Diets765

Diets of High and Low Protein Content766

Water Requirements767

Low Purin Diets767

Food Analysis768

1．Sampling768

2．Moisture768

3．Ash768

4．Protein768

5．Fat769

6．Carbohydrate769

7．Vitamines770

Foods，Irradiation of782

Foods Suitable for Irradiation785

Practical Aspects787

Foodstuffs，Specific Dynamic Action of789

Introduction789

Methods of Study789

Effect of Protein790

Effect of Fat791

Effect of Carbohydrate792

Effect of Combinations of Protein，Fat and Carbohydrate792

Factors Influencing Specific Dynamic Effect793

External Temperature793

Exercise793

Nature and Amount of Ingested Substance793

Rate of Absorption793

Previous Diet794

State of Nutrition794

Interpretation794

Specific Dynamic Action in Disease795

Ⅰ．Diseases of Metabolism795

Ⅱ．Diseases of Endocrine Glands796

Ⅲ．Infectious Diseases797

Summary797

Formic Aldehyde，or Formaldehyde798

Preparations799

Physiological Action799

Poisoning by Formic Aldehyde799

Treatment of Formaldehyde Poisoning799

Uses in Disinfection799

Therapeutic Uses800

Gynecological Disorders800

General Surgery800

Cutaneous Disorders801

Fourth Disease801

Symptoms801

Diagnosis802

Treatment803

Fractures803

Definition803

Etiology803

Predisposing Causes803

Pathology803

Classification803

Pathologic Changes805

Bullet Wounds806

Repair of Fractures806

Regeneration of Bone807

Repair of Compound Fractures807

Symptoms807

Deformity807

Abnormal Mobility808

Crepitus808

Loss of Function808

Pain808

Auscultation and Percussion808

Clinical Picture809

Diagnosis809

X-ray Examination809

Differential Diagnosis809

A．Sprain809

B．Dislocation810

C．Contusion810

Prognosis810

Treatment811

Varieties813

Position815

Operative Treatment816

Splints817

After-treatment817

Compound Fractures818

Pseudoarthrosis，or Delayed or Nonunion820

Special Fractures821

Fractures of Skull821

Fracture of Nasal Bones831

Fracture of Zygomatic(Malar)and Maxillary Bones831

Fracture of Mandible(Lower Jaw)832

Fracture of Hyoid Bone，Larynx and Trachea833

Fracture of Sternum833

Fractures of Ribs833

Fracture of Costal Cartilages833

Fractures of Clavicle833

Fractures of Scapula836

Fractures of Humerus837

Fractures of Carpus847

Fractures of Phalanges848

Fractures of Pelvis848

Fractures of Femur849

Fractures of Foot862

Treatment of Fractures by Closed Method863

Mechanical Principles Employed863

Anesthesia864

Use of X-rays865

Hoke Plaster-traction Apparatus865

Fractures of Hand and Fingers870

Fractures of Shafts of Radius871

Fractures of Shafts of Radius and Ulna871

Fractures of Humerus871

Fractures of Clavicle878

Fractures of Pelvis879

Fractures of Acetabulum879

Fractures of Neck of Femur879

Fractures of Shaft of Femur882

Fractures of Patella883

Fractures of Head of Tibia883

Fractures of Shafts of Tibia and Fibula884

Fractures of Tibia and Fibula at Ankle886

Compressed and Comminuted Fractures of Calcaneus887

Operative Treatment of Fractures887

Introduction887

Training，Armamentarium，etc890

Anesthesia891

Delayed Union and Nonunion892

Bone Grafts892

Prevention and Treatment of Infection892

Physio-mechanical Electrotherapy894

End Functional Results894

Operative Procedures894

Ununited Fractures903

Treatment903

Fullness，Sense of926

Stomach Fullness926

Etiology926

Diagnosis926

Intestinal Fullness926

Etiology926

Fullness of Undetermined Origin927

Diagnosis927

Treatment of Sense of Fullness927

Galactose927

Gambir927

Preparations and Doses927

Physiological Action and Therapeutics928

Gangosa928