aircraft design _ a conceptual approach fourth edition2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

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1.Design—A Separate Discipline1

1.1 What is Design？1

1.2 Introduction to the Book1

2.Overview of the Design Process3

2.1 Introduction3

2.2 Phases of Aircraft Design3

2.3 Aircraft Conceptual Design Process8

2.4 Integrated Product Development and Aircraft Design12

3.Sizing from a Conceptual Sketch15

3.1 Introduction15

3.2 Takeoff- Weight Buildup16

3.3 Empty-Weight Estimation16

3.4 Fuel-Fraction Estimation18

3.5 Takeoff- Weight Calculation27

3.6 Design Example: ASW Aircraft28

4.Airfoil and Geometry Selection37

4.1 Introduction37

4.2 Airfoil Selection37

4.3 Wing Geometry51

4.4 Biplane Wings71

4.5 Tail Geometry and Arrangement73

5.Thrust-to-Weight Ratio and Wing Loading87

5.1 Introduction87

5.2 Thrust-to-Weight Ratio88

5.3 Wing Loading94

5.4 Selection of Thrust to Weight and Wing Loading110

6.Initial Sizing111

6.1 Introduction111

6.2 “Rubber” vs “Fixed-Size” Engines111

6.3 Rubber-Engine Sizing112

6.4 Fixed-Engine Sizing118

6.5 Geometry Sizing119

6.6 Control-Surface Sizing123

7.Configuration Layout and Loft127

7.1 Introduction127

7.2 End Products of Configuration Layout127

7.3 Conic Lofting132

7.4 Conic Fuselage Development138

7.5 Flat-Wrap Fuselage Lofting146

7.6 Circle-to-Square Adapter147

7.7 Fuselage Loft Verification148

7.8 Wing/Tail Layout and Loft149

7.9 Wetted Area Determination161

7.10 Volume Determination163

7.11 Use of Computer-Aided Design （CAD） in Conceptual Design164

8.Special Considerations in Configuration Layout169

8.1 Introduction169

8.2 Aerodynamic Considerations169

8.3 Structural Considerations177

8.4 Radar Detectability185

8.5 Infrared Detectability195

8.6 Visual Detectability196

8.7 Aural Signature197

8.8 Vulnerability Considerations197

8.9 Crashworthiness Considerations199

8.10 Producibility Considerations201

8.11 Maintainability Considerations205

9.Crew Station, Passengers, and Payload209

9.1 Introduction209

9.2 Crew Station209

9.3 Passenger Compartment213

9.4 Cargo Provisions214

9.5 Weapons Carriage216

9.6 Gun Installation219

10.Propulsion and Fuel System Integration221

10.1 Introduction221

10.2 Propulsion Selection221

10.3 Jet-Engine Integration224

10.4 Propeller-Engine Integration250

10.5 Fuel System257

11.Landing Gear and Subsystems261

11.1 Introduction261

11.2 Landing Gear Arrangements261

11.3 Tire Sizing266

11.4 Shock Absorbers272

11.5 Castoring-Wheel Geometry279

11.6 Gear-Retraction Geometry280

11.7 Seaplanes283

11.8 Subsystems285

Intermission: Step-by-Step Development of a New Design295

12.Aerodynamics303

12.1 Introduction303

12.2 Aerodynamic Forces304

12.3 Aerodynamic Coefficients308

12.4 Lift309

12.5 Parasite （Zero-Lift） Drag327

12.6 Drag due to Lift （Induced Drag）346

12.7 Aerodynamic Codes and Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD）354

13.Propulsion365

13.1 Introduction365

13.2 Jet-Engine Thrust Considerations367

13.3 Turbojet Installed Thrust370

13.4 Thrust-Drag Bookkeeping370

13.5 Installed-Thrust Methodology371

13.6 Piston-Engine Performance379

13.7 Turboprop Performance386

14.Structures and Loads389

14.1 Introduction389

14.2 Loads Categories390

14.3 Air Loads392

14.4 Inertial Loads402

14.5 Powerplant Loads402

14.6 Landing-Gear Loads402

14.7 Structures Fundamentals403

14.8 Material Selection408

14.9 Material Properties413

14.10 Structural-Analysis Fundamentals425

14.11 Finite Element Structural Analysis443

15.Weights451

15.1 Introduction451

15.2 Approximate Group Weights Method454

15.3 Statistical Group Weights Method454

15.4 Additional Considerations in Weights Estimation463

16.Stability, Control, and Handling Qualities467

16.1 Introduction467

16.2 Coordinate Systems and Definitions469

16.3 Longitudinal Static Stability and Control470

16.4 Lateral-Directional Static Stability and Control490

16.5 Stick-Free Stability499

16.6 Effects of Flexibility499

16.7 Dynamic Stability501

16.8 Quasi Steady State505

16.9 Inertia Coupling506

16.10 Handling Qualities508

17.Performance and Flight Mechanics515

17.1 Introduction and Equations of Motion515

17.2 Steady Level Flight516

17.3 Steady Climbing and Descending Flight525

17.4 Level Turning Flight529

17.5 Gliding Flight532

17.6 Energy-Maneuverability Methods536

17.7 Operating Envelope544

17.8 Takeoff Analysis546

17.9 Landing Analysis550

17.10 Other Fighter Performance Measures of Merit552

18.Cost Analysis561

18.1 Introduction561

18.2 Elements of Life-Cycle Cost562

18.3 Cost-Estimating Methods565

18.4 RDT＆E and Production Costs566

18.5 Operations and Maintenance Costs570

18.6 Cost Measures of Merit （Military）574

18.7 Aircraft and Airline Economics575

19.Sizing and Trade Studies579

19.1 Introduction579

19.2 Detailed Sizing Methods579

19.3 Improved Conceptual Sizing Methods580

19.4 Sizing Matrix and Carpet Plots585

19.5 Trade Studies591

20.Vertical Flight—Jet and Prop599

20.1 Introduction599

20.2 Jet VTOL599

20.3 Prop VTOL and Helicopter619

21.Extremes of Flight637

21.1 Introduction637

21.2 Rockets, Launch Vehicles, and Spacecraft637

21.3 Hypersonic Vehicles649

21.4 Lighter-Than-Air652

22.Design of Unique Aircraft Concepts661

22.1 Introduction661

22.2 Flying Wing, Tailless, Lifting Fuselage, and Blended Wing Body661

22.3 Delta and Double-Delta Wing666

22.4 Forward-Swept Wing667

22.5 Canard-Pusher669

22.6 Multi-Fuselage670

22.7 Asymmetrical672

22.8 Joined Wing676

22.9 Wing-in-Ground Effect678

22.10 Unmanned/Uninhabited679

23.Conceptual Design Examples683

23.1 Introduction683

23.2 Single-Seat Aerobatic684

23.3 Lightweight Supercruise Fighter721

Appendix A.Unit Conversion775

Appendix B.Standard Atmosphere777

Appendix C.Airspeed781

Appendix D.Airfoil Data783

Appendix E.Typical Engine Performance Curves795

E.1 Afterburning Turbofan795

E.2 High-Bypass Turbofan799

E.3 Turboprop801

Appendix F.Design Requirements and Specifications803

Questions807

References817

Index825

Supporting Materials839