离子色谱原理与应用2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

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第1章 导论1

1．1 General Remarks of Liquid Chromatography1

1．1．1Historical Perspectives of Liquid Chromatography1

1．1．2 Types of Liquid Chromatography1

Chapter 1 Introduction1

1．1液相色谱法概述1

1．1．2液相色谱法的分类1

1．1．1液相色谱法的发展历史1

1．2．1离子色谱法的发展2

1．2离子色谱法概述2

1．2．1 Development of Ion Chromatography2

1．2 General Remarks of Ion Chromatography2

1．2．2离子色谱法的定义与类型3

1．2．2．1离子色谱法的定义3

1．2．2．2离子色谱法的类型3

1．2．2．2 Types of Ion Chromatography3

1．2．2．1 Definitions of Ion Chromatography3

1．2．2 Definitions and Types of Ion Chromatography3

1．2．3离子色谱法的分析对象和应用领域4

1．2．3 Application Fields of Ion Chromatography4

1．2．4 Advantages of Ion Chromatography5

1．2．4离子色谱法的优点5

1．2．5离子色谱法的现状与发展趋势6

1．2．5 Current Status and the Development Trend of Ion Chromatography6

1．3本书的编著原则与内容安排7

1．3 Criteria and Contents of This Book7

References8

参考文献8

Chapter 2 Basic Theory9

2．1 Basic Concepts9

2．1．1 Retention Time and Capacity Factor9

2．1．1保留时间与容量因子9

2．1基本概念9

第2章 基础理论9

2．1．2 Peak Symmetry10

2．1．2色谱峰的对称性10

2．1．3 Resolution11

2．1．3分离度11

2．1．4选择性系数12

2．2．1色谱过程动力学的几种主要理论12

2．2色谱过程动力学12

2．2．1 Main Theories of Chromatographic Dynamics12

2．2 Dynamics in Chromatographic Process12

2．1．4 Selectivity12

2．2．2塔板理论13

2．2．2．1塔板理论的主要假设13

2．2．2．2 Theoretical Plate Number and Plate Height13

2．2．2 Plate Theory13

2．2．2．1 Main Hypothesis of Plate Theory13

2．2．2．2理论塔板数和理论塔板高度13

2．2．3．2 Solute Diffusion and Resistance-to-Mass-Transfer15

2．2．3．2色谱过程中的溶质扩散与传质阻力15

2．2．3 Rate Theory15

2．2．3速率理论15

2．2．3．1 Lacks of Plate Theory15

2．2．3．1塔板理论的缺陷15

2．2．3．3 van Deemter速率方程式17

2．2．3．3 van Deemter s Rate Equation17

2．2．3．4 van Deemter s Curves in Ion Chromatography18

2．2．3．4离子色谱中的van Deemter曲线18

2．3色谱过程热力学19

2．3．1基本公式19

2．3 Thermodynamics in Chromatographic Process19

2．3．1 Basic Formulas19

2．3．2 Effect of Column Temperature to Retention of Solute20

2．3．2柱温对溶质保留的影响20

2．3．3 Effect of Column Temperature to Column Efficiency and Selectivety21

2．3．4 Adsorption Effects21

2．3．4吸附作用21

2．3．3柱温对柱效和选择性的影响21

References22

参考文献22

Chapter 3 Ion Chromatograph24

3．1 Basic Structure of Ion Chromatograph24

3．1离子色谱仪的基本构成24

第3章 离子色谱仪24

3．2．1 Eluent Reservoirs25

3．2流动相输送系统25

3．2．2．1输液泵的基本要求25

3．2．2 Pump25

3．2．2输液泵25

3．2．1流动相容器25

3．2．2．1 Basic Request for Pump25

3．2 Eluent Transport System25

3．2．2．3 Working Principle of Pump26

3．2．2．2 Types of Pump26

3．2．2．2输液泵的类型26

3．2．2．3输液泵的工作原理26

3．2．3 Degasser30

3．2．3脱气装置30

3．2．4．1高压梯度系统31

3．2．4．1 High Pressure Gradient System31

3．2．4梯度洗脱装置31

3．2．4 Gradient Elution Apparatus31

3．2．4．2 Low Pressure Gradient System32

3．3进样器32

3．2．4．2低压梯度系统32

3．3 Loop Injector32

3．4 Column33

3．4色谱柱33

3．6检测器36

3．5柱温箱36

3．5 Column Thermostats36

3．6 Detector36

3．7抑制器37

3．9离子色谱体系的小型化37

3．9 Miniaturization of Ion Chromatograph System37

3．8 Data Handling System and Automatic Control Unit37

3．8数据处理系统与自动控制单元37

3．7 Suppressor37

参考文献38

References38

4．2离子交换色谱固定相39

4．1概述39

第4章 离子交换色谱法39

Chapter 4 Ion Exchange Chromatography39

4．1 General Remarks39

4．2 Stationary Phases39

4．2．1有机聚合物离子交换剂40

4．2．1 Polymer-Based Ion Exchangers40

4．2．2 Silica-Based Ion Exchangers42

4．2．2硅胶基质键合型离子交换剂42

4．2．3 Latex-Agglomerated Ion Exchangers45

4．2．3乳胶附聚型离子交换剂45

4．2．5包覆型离子交换剂48

4．2．4 Chelate Resins48

4．2．5 Coating Ion Exchangers48

4．2．4螯合树脂48

4．2．6 Other Ion Exchangers50

4．2．6其他离子色谱固定相50

4．2．6．1冠醚固定相50

4．2．6．1 Crown Ether50

4．2．6．2碳填料53

4．2．6．2 Porous Graphitic Carbon53

4．2．6．3氧化铝固定相54

4．2．6．3 Alumina54

4．3 Ion Exchange Process55

4．3离子交换过程55

4．4阴离子交换色谱法56

4．4 Anion Exchange Chromatography56

4．4．1．3流动相种类57

4．4．1．3 Types of Eluents57

4．4．1 Main Parameters Effecting Retention of Anions57

4．4．1．1 Flow Rate of Eluent57

4．4．1．2 Column Length57

4．4．1．2分离柱长度57

4．4．1．1流动相流速57

4．4．1影响阴离子保留的因素57

4．4．1．4淋洗剂浓度58

4．4．1．4 Concentration of Eluents58

4．4．1．5 pH Value of Eluents59

4．4．1．5流动相pH值59

4．4．2 Common Eluents61

4．4．2常用流动相61

4．4．2．1 Common Eluents in Suppressed Conductivity Detection62

4．4．2．1抑制型电导检测阴离子交换色谱常用流动相62

4．4．2．2 Common Eluents in Non-Suppressed Conductivity Detection63

4．4．2．2非抑制型电导检测阴离子交换色谱常用流动相63

4．4．2．3 Eluents for Other Detectors65

4．4．3无机阴离子的分析65

4．4．2．3其他检测法适用的流动相65

4．4．3 Analysis of Inorganic Anions65

4．4．3．1 Suppressed Conductivity Detection Systems66

4．4．3．1抑制型电导检测体系66

4．4．3．2 Non-Suppressed Conductivity Detection Systems68

4．4．3．2非抑制型电导检测体系68

4．4．3．3 Indirect UV Detection Systems70

4．4．3．3间接紫外检测体系70

4．4．3．4 Analysis of Complex Anions of Metals71

4．4．3．4金属配阴离子的分析71

4．4．4 Analysis of Organic Anions72

4．4．4．1有机酸72

4．4．4．1 Organic Acids72

4．4．4有机阴离子的分析72

4．4．4．3有机磷化合物73

4．4．4．4糖类的分析73

4．4．4．2烷基磺酸盐73

4．4．4．3 Organophosphorous Compounds73

4．4．4．2 Alkylsulfonates73

4．4．4．4 Analysis of Carbohydrates73

4．5 Cation Exchange Chromatography77

4．4．5 Simultaneous Analysis of Inorganic and Organic Anions77

4．5．1 General Principle for Selecting Eluents77

4．5．1选择流动相的一般原则77

4．5阳离子交换色谱法77

4．4．5无机和有机阴离子的同时分析77

4．5．2 Analysis of Alkali Metals，Alkaline-Earth Metals and Ammonium78

4．5．2碱金属、碱土金属和铵离子的分析78

4．5．3 Analysis of Heavy and Transition Metals80

4．5．3．1 Separation Principle80

4．5．3．1分离原理80

4．5．3重金属与过渡金属离子的分析80

4．5．3．2检测方法82

4．5．3．2 Detection Methods82

4．5．5 Analysis of Alkylamines83

4．5．4氨基酸的分析83

4．5．5有机胺的分析83

4．5．4 Analysis of Amino Acids83

4．6．2 Techniques for the Simultaneous Analysis of Anions and Cations85

4．6 Simultaneous Analysis of Anions and Cations85

4．6．1 Selection of Eluents and Detection Methods85

4．6．2．1 Change Metals into Complex Anions85

4．6．2．1将阳离子配阴离子化的方法85

4．6．2实现阴阳离子同时分析的方法85

4．6．1流动相和检测方法的选择与限制85

4．6阴阳离子同时分析85

4．6．2．2 Mixed Separation Mechanism of Ion Exchange and Ion Exclusion86

4．6．2．2利用离子交换和离子排斥混合分离机理的方法86

4．6．2．3 Multi-Functionary Coating Stationary Phases87

4．6．2．3采用多功能基包覆固定相87

4．6．2．4 Column Switching88

4．6．2．4柱切换法88

4．6．2．5利用混合床固定相的方法90

4．6．2．5 Mixed-Bed Stationary Phases90

4．6．2．6阴阳离子同时分析的展望92

4．6．2．6 Perspectives of Simultaneous Analysis of Anions and Cations92

References92

参考文献92

5．2 Separation Mechanism96

第5章 离子排斥色谱96

5．1引言96

Chapter 5 Ion Exclusion Chromatography96

5．1 General Remarks96

5．2分离机理96

5．3固定相99

5．3 Stationary Phases99

5．4流动相101

5．4 Eluents101

5．5 Detection Techniques in Ion Exclusion Chromatography102

5．5．1 Conductivity Detection102

5．5．1电导检测102

5．5离子排斥色谱中的检测技术102

5．5．2 Other Detection Methods104

5．5．2其他检测方法104

5．7 Analysis of Inorganic Weak Acids105

5．6 Coupling of Ion Exclusion Chromatography and Ion Exchange Chromatography105

5．7无机弱酸的分析105

5．6离子排斥色谱与离子交换色谱的联用105

5．8 Analysis of Organic Acids106

5．8有机酸的分析106

5．9醇和醛的分析110

5．9 Analysis of Alcohols and Aldehydes110

5．10 Analysis of Amino Acids111

5．10．1 General Remarks111

5．10．2 Stationary Phases for Analysis of Amino Acids111

5．10．2氨基酸分析用离子排斥固定相111

5．10．1概述111

5．10氨基酸的分析111

5．10．3氨基酸分析用流动相112

5．10．3 Eluents for Analysis of Amino Acids112

5．10．4氨基酸分析样品处理113

5．10．4 Sample Preparation for Analysis of Amino Acids113

5．10．5氨基酸的检测114

5．10．5 Detection of Amino Acids114

参考文献115

References115

6．1离子对色谱的保留机理117

6．1．1计量模型117

Chapter 6 Ion Pair Chromatography117

6．1 Retention Mechanisms117

6．1．1 Stoichiometric Models117

第6章 离子对色谱117

6．1．2非计量模型120

6．1．2 Non-Sto?chiometric Models120

6．2 Main Parameters Effecting Retention121

6．2影响保留的主要参数121

6．2．1离子对试剂的种类和浓度121

6．2．1 Type and Concentration of Ion Pair Reagents121

6．2．2有机改进剂的种类和浓度122

6．2．2 Type and Concentration of Organic Modifier122

6．2．3 Inorganic Additives122

6．2．3无机盐添加剂122

6．2．4固定相的性质123

6．2．4 Property of Stationary Phases123

6．2．5色谱柱温124

6．2．6流动相pH124

6．2．5 Column Temperature124

6．2．6 pH Value of Mobile Phases124

6．3 Suppressed Conductivity Detection in Ion Pair Chromatography125

6．4无机离子的分析125

6．4 Analysis of Inorganic Ions125

6．3离子对色谱中的抑制型电导检测125

6．4．1无机阴离子126

6．4．1 Inorganic Anions126

6．4．2无机阳离子128

6．4．2 Inorganic Cations128

6．5．1 Analysis of Surface-Active Ions131

6．5 Analysis of Organic Ions131

6．5．1表面活性剂离子的分析131

6．5有机离子性化合物的分析131

6．5．1．1阴离子表面活性剂132

6．5．1．1 Anionic Surfactants132

6．5．1．2 Cationic Surfactants133

6．5．1．2阳离子表面活性剂133

6．5．2 Analysis of Medicines135

6．5．2药物成分分析135

6．5．3 Separation of Chiral Isomers136

6．5．3手性对映体分离136

6．5．4生物物质分析138

6．5．4．2氨基酸、肽和蛋白质138

6．5．4．1有机酸138

6．5．4．2 Amino Acids，Peptide and Proteins138

6．5．4．1 Organic Acids138

6．5．4 Analysis of Biological Samples138

6．5．4．4 Nucleic Acids141

6．5．4．3 Carbohydrates141

6．5．4．3糖141

6．5．4．4核酸物质141

6．5．4．5生物胺142

6．5．4．5 Biological Amines142

6．6离子抑制色谱142

6．6 Ion Suppresion Chromatography142

References144

参考文献144

第7章 金属离子配合物色谱法146

7．1柱前衍生化金属离子配合物色谱法146

7．1 Metal Complex Ion Chromatography of by Pre-Column Derivation146

Chapter 7 Metal Complex Ion Chromatography of146

7．1．1反相金属离子配合物色谱法148

7．1．1 Reversed Phase Systems148

7．1．2 Ion Exchange Systems151

7．1．2基于离子交换的金属离子配合物色谱法151

7．1．3 Ion Pair Chromatography Systems152

7．1．3基于形成离子对的金属离子配合物色谱法152

7．2．1螯合交换保留机理154

7．2．1 Chelate Exchange Retention Mechanism154

7．2柱上衍生化金属离子配合物色谱法154

7．2 Metal Complex Ion Chromatography of by On-Column Derivation154

7．2．2螯合离子交换剂156

7．2．2．1螯合离子交换功能基团的类型和性质156

7．2．2 Chelate Ion Exchanger156

7．2．2．1 Types and Properties of Functionary Groups of Chelate Ion Exchanger156

7．2．2．2基质效应161

7．2．2．2 Effect of Substrate Material161

7．2．3．4流动相pH的影响162

7．2．3．3离子强度的影响162

7．2．3．2有机溶剂的影响162

7．2．3．1温度对金属离子保留以及分离选择性的影响162

7．2．3色谱条件对金属离子保留和分离的影响162

7．2．3．3 Effect of Ionic Strength162

7．2．3 Effect of Chromatographic Conditions on Retention and Separation of Metal Ions162

7．2．3．1 Effect of Temperature on Retention and Separation Selectivity162

7．2．3．2 Effect of Organic Solvents162

7．2．3．4 Effect of Eluent pH162

7．2．4．1 Isocratic Elution163

7．2．4．2 Gradient Eluent163

7．2．4．1等度洗脱163

7．2．4．2梯度洗脱163

7．2．4典型的洗脱方式163

7．2．4 Typical Elution Methods163

7．2．4．3内pH梯度洗脱165

7．2．4．3 Inner pH Gradient Eluent165

7．2．5应用167

7．2．5 Application167

7．3柱后衍生化金属离子配合物色谱法169

7．3 Metal Complex Ion Chromatography of by Post-Column Derivation169

参考文献174

References174

8．1概述178

8．1 General Remarks178

Chapter 8 Detection Techniques in Ion Chromatography178

第8章 离子色谱法中常用的检测技术178

8．2 Conductivity Detection179

8．2．1 Conductance of Solution179

8．2电导检测技术179

8．2．1溶液的电导179

8．2．2 Structure and Working Principle of Conductance Cell180

8．2．2电导池的构造与工作原理180

8．2．3非抑制型电导检测181

8．2．3 Non-Suppressed Conductivity Detection181

8．2．4抑制型电导检测技术183

8．2．4．1柱抑制器183

8．2．4 Suppressed Conductivity Detection183

8．2．4．1 Suppressor Columns183

8．2．4．2 Hollow Fiber Suppressor185

8．2．4．2中空纤维抑制器185

8．2．4．3 Micromembrane Suppressor187

8．2．4．3微膜抑制器187

8．2．4．4自动再生电解抑制器189

8．2．4．4 Self-Regenerating Electrolysis Suppressor189

8．3．1基本原理191

8．3紫外-可见光检测技术191

8．2．4．5其他抑制器191

8．3．1 Fundamental Principle191

8．3 UV-Vis Absorbance Detection191

8．2．4．5 Other Suppressors191

8．3．3间接紫外检测法193

8．3．3 Indirect UV Detection193

8．3．2 Direct UV Detection193

8．3．2直接紫外检测法193

8．3．4 Post-Column Derivation UV-Vis Detection194

8．3．4柱后衍生化紫外-可见光检测技术194

8．4安培检测技术195

8．4．1基本原理195

8．4．1 Fundamental Principle195

8．4 Amperometric Detection195

8．4．2安培检测法198

8．4．2 Detection Techniques198

8．5 Fluorescence Detection200

8．5荧光检测法200

8．6．1 Ion Chromatography Coupling with Atomic Spectroscopic Detection202

8．6．1离子色谱与原子光谱联用202

8．6离子色谱与原子光谱和质谱仪器的联用202

8．6 Ion Chromatography Coupling with Atomic Spectroscopic and Mass Spectro-metric Detection202

8．6．2离子色谱与质谱联用203

8．6．2 Ion Chromatography Coupling with Mass Spectrometric Detection203

References204

参考文献204

Chapter 9 Sample Preparation207

第9章 样品预处理207

9．1 Precipitation of Interfering Components207

9．1干扰组分的沉淀207

9．2 Matrix Matching208

9．2基体匹配208

9．3燃烧分离211

9．3 Burning Separation211

9．4 Ion Exchange212

9．4离子交换法212

9．5膜分离213

9．5 Membrane Separation213

9．5．1 Load Liquid Membrane Separation214

9．5．1负载液膜分离214

9．5．2超滤216

9．5．2 Ultrafiltration216

9．5．3渗析和微渗析217

9．5．3 Dialysis and Microdialysis217

9．5．4电渗析218

9．5．4 Electrodialysis218

9．5．5流动注射渗析219

9．6溶剂萃取219

9．5．5 Flow Injection Dialysis219

9．6 Solvent Extraction219

9．7 Supercritical Fluid Extraction221

9．7超临界流体萃取221

9．8．3 Retention Mechanism222

9．8．1 Principle of Solid Phase Extraction222

9．8 Solid Phase Extraction222

9．8固相萃取222

9．8．2 Stationary Phase and Selectivity222

9．8．1固相萃取的原理222

9．8．2固定相和选择性的确定222

9．8．3固定相的保留机理222

9．8．5 Activity of Silicol224

9．8．4 Bonded Energy and Selectivity224

9．8．4键合能和选择性224

9．8．5硅醇的活性224

9．8．6固定相选择224

9．8．6 Selection of Stationary Phase224

9．8．7 Operating Steps of Solid Phase Extraction225

9．8．8 Regeneration of Extract Column225

9．8．7固相萃取操作步骤225

9．8．8萃取柱的再生225

9．9 Pre-Column and Post-Column Derivation226

9．9柱前和柱后衍生226

9．8．9 Application of Solid Phase Extraction226

9．8．9固相萃取的应用226

9．10液-固萃取227

9．10 Liquid-Solid Extraction227

9．11内表面反相柱228

9．12预富集228

9．11 Inner Surface Reversed Phase Column228

9．12 Pre-Concentration228

9．13 Column Switching229

9．13柱切换229

9．14 Special Methods for Sample Decomposition231

9．14．1 Ultraviolet Light Decomposition231

9．14．1紫外光解231

9．14特殊的样品分解方法231

9．15 Other Methods for Sample Preparation232

9．14．2 Microwave Digestion232

9．14．3 Heat Decomposition232

9．14．4 Melting Decomposition232

9．15其他样品预处理方法232

9．14．4熔解232

9．14．3热解232

9．14．2微波消化232

References233

参考文献233

Chapter 10 Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis235

10．1 Qualitative Analysis235

10．1．1 Qualitative Analysis by Retention Times235

第10章 定性与定量分析235

10．1定性分析235

10．1．1保留时间定性235

10．1．3与其他分析仪器串联或用其他分析仪器离线检测定性236

10．2定量分析236

10．1．2 Qualitative Analysis by UV-Vis Absorption Spectrum236

10．1．3 Qualitative Analysis by Coupling with Other Analytical Instruments236

10．2 Quantitative Analysis236

10．1．2紫外和可见光谱图定性236

10．2．1峰高和峰面积的手工测量237

10．2．2峰面积的电测量237

10．2．1 Manual Determination of Peak Heights and Peak Areas237

10．2．2 Electronic Determination of Peak Areas237

10．3 Quantitative Methods238

10．3．2 Internal Standard238

10．3．1 Area Normalization238

10．3．2内标法238

10．3．1归一化法238

10．3定量方法238

10．3．3 External Standard239

10．3．3外标法239

10．4数据及方法的评价240

10．3．4标准加入法240

10．4 Assessment of Data and Methods240

10．3．4 Standard Addition240

10．4．1 Accuracy241

10．4．1．1 Standard Addition Recovery Yield241

10．4．1准确度241

10．4．1．3与公认的或标准的方法所得到的结果进行对照241

10．4．2精密度241

10．4．1．3 Comparison with Standard Methods or Recognized Methods241

10．4．1．2 Comparison with Standard Samples241

10．4．1．1加标回收241

10．4．1．2用标准样品进行对照241

10．4．2 Precision241

10．4．3 Confidence Interval and Confidence Probability242

10．4．3置信区间和置信概率242

10．4．4灵敏度、检测限和线性范围243

参考文献243

10．4．4 Sensitivity，Detection Limit and Linear Range243

References243

11．1 Applications in Environmental Analysis244

第11章 离子色谱的应用244

11．1离子色谱在环境分析中的应用244

11．1．1水分析244

Chapter 11 Applications of Ion Chromatography244

11．1．1 Analysis of Water244

11．1．2 Analysis of Soil Sediments248

11．1．2土壤沉积物、淤渣和植物分析248

11．1．3空气污染物分析250

11．1．3 Analysis of Air Pollutants250

11．1．4 Analysis of Fossil Fuels252

11．1．4化石燃料分析252

11．1．5形态分析253

11．1．5 Speciation Analysis253

11．2．1无机阴离子分析255

11．2离子色谱在农业中的应用255

11．2．1 Analysis of Inorganic Anions255

11．2 Applications in Agriculture255

11．2．2无机阳离子分析257

11．2．2 Analysis of Inorganic Cations257

11．2．4有机化合物分析258

11．2．3 Analysis of Heavy Metal Ions258

11．2．4 Analysis of Organic Compounds258

11．2．3重金属离子分析258

11．3离子色谱在生物医药领域的应用259

11．3．1有机酸的分析259

11．3 Applications in Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Analysis259

11．3．1 Analysis of Organic Acids259

11．3．2药物成分分析261

11．3．2 Analysis of Pharmaceutical Compounds261

11．3．3糖的分析263

11．3．3 Analysis of Carbohytrates263

11．3．4形态分析264

11．3．4 Speciation Analysis264

11．3．5 Analysis of Inorganic Cations265

11．3．5无机阳离子的分析265

11．3．6 Analysis of Inorganic Anions266

11．3．6无机阴离子的分析266

11．3．6．2尿中无机阴离子的分析266

11．3．6．2 Analysis of Inorganic Anions in Urine266

11．3．6．1 Analysis of Inorganic Anions in Blood266

11．3．6．1血液中无机阴离子的分析266

11．4．1 Applications in Nuclear Industry267

11．4 Applications in Industry267

11．4．1离子色谱在核工业中的应用267

11．4离子色谱在工业中的应用267

11．3．6．3泪水中无机阴离子的分析267

11．3．6．3 Analysis of Inorganic Anions in Tears267

11．4．1．2 Separation of Fission Products268

11．4．1．1 Determination of Radionuclides and Trace Ions in Water Reactor Cooler268

11．4．1．2裂变产物的分离268

11．4．1．1水反应堆冷却剂中放射性核素和痕量离子的测定268

11．4．2 Applications in Metallurgical Industry269

11．4．2离子色谱在冶金工业中的应用269

11．4．3 Applications in Electrolysis Industry270

11．4．4 Applications in Petroleum and Chemical Industry270

11．4．4离子色谱在石油化工领域中的应用270

11．4．3离子色谱在电解工业中的应用270

11．4．5离子色谱在半导体工业中的应用271

11．4．5 Applications in Semiconductor Industry271

11．5 Applications in Food Analysis272

11．5．1 Analysis of Inorganic Anions272

11．5．1．1 Speciation Analysis of Nitrogen272

11．5．1．1氮形态分析272

11．5．1无机阴离子分析272

11．5离子色谱在食品分析中的应用272

11．5．1．2 Speciation Analysis of Sulphur273

11．5．1．3 Speciation Analysis of Phosphorus273

11．5．1．4 Speciation Analysis of Halogen273

11．5．1．4卤素分析273

11．5．1．3磷形态分析273

11．5．1．2硫形态分析273

11．5．1．5 Analysis of Other Anions274

11．5．1．5其他阴离子分析274

11．5．2 Analysis of Inorganic Cations275

11．5．2无机阳离子分析275

11．5．3 Analysis of Organic Acids276

11．5．3有机酸的分析276

11．5．4 Analysis of Phytate277

11．5．5 Analysis of Other Compounds277

11．5．5其他有机化合物的分析277

11．5．4肌醇六膦酸的分析277

References285

参考文献285