SOVEREIGNTY AND JURISDICTION IN THE AIRSPACE AND OUTER SPACE LEGALCRITERIA FOR SPATAL DELIMITATION2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

SOVEREIGNTY AND JURISDICTION IN THE AIRSPACE AND OUTER SPACE LEGALCRITERIA FOR SPATAL DELIMITATIONPDF格式电子书版下载

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Introduction1

1 Preliminary considerations: sovereignty， jurisdiction and control in international law11

1.1 Territory and territorial acquisition in international law and relations11

1.2 Delimitation and demarcation of international territories19

1.3 The principle of territorial sovereignty20

1.3.1 Sovereignty and property rights26

1.3.2 Spatial dynamics of sovereign equality29

1.4 The principles of territorial jurisdiction and territorial integrity30

1.4.1 Quasi-territorial jurisdiction36

1.4.2 Personal jurisdiction37

1.5 Criminal jurisdiction of states39

1.5.1 The territorial principle42

1.5.2 The nationality principle44

1.5.3 The protective (or security) principle45

1.5.4 The passive personality or passive nationality principle48

1.5.5 The universality principle48

1.6 Jurisfaction and jurisaction51

1.7 Control as a determinant of rights and liabilities52

1.8 Summary and conclusions54

2 The legal status of the airspace57

2.1 Nature and character of rights over airspace57

2.2 Development of the concept of sovereignty over airspace58

2.3 Nationality principle and control over aircraft in flight66

2.3.1 Nationality principle and the question of what an aircraft is71

2.3.2 Nationality of aircraft and the question of “genuine link”75

2.4 Obligations with respect to state aircraft， civil aircraft and piloted/pilotless aircraft80

2.5 Summary and conclusions82

3 Jurisdiction over crimes in the airspace and on board aircraft85

3.1 Development and patterns of national responses to crimes in airspace85

3.2 Hierarchy of sources of jurisdiction over crimes committed in flight91

3.3 Jurisdiction over common crimes and unruly passengers93

3.4 Control over unlawful interference with civil aviation102

3.5 The regime of multilateral treaties114

3.6 The regime of bilateral treaties and other regional arrangements121

3.7 The problem of state-sponsored crimes against the safety of aircraft122

3.8 Summary and conclusions128

4 Jurisdiction and control in the airspace over international spaces132

4.1 International straits133

4.2 Contiguous zone134

4.3 The exclusive economic zone135

4.3.1 Military activities over the EEZ138

4.4 The continental shelf141

4.5 The high seas143

4.6 Airspace over Antarctic territories145

4.7 Airspace over polar territories146

4.8 Summary and conclusions146

5 Sovereignty and trespass in territorial airspace148

5.1 Involuntary entry of aircraft151

5.2 Deliberate intrusion by state aircraft152

5.3 Aerial intrusion by civil airliners158

5.3.1 Trespass by foreign-based dissident， terrorist and activist groups162

5.4 The controversial practice of no-fly zones and trespass over national territory166

5.5 Summary and conclusions171

6 Jurisdiction and control in outer space174

6.1 Exploitation and use of outer space: achievements and prospects175

6.2 Jurisdiction and control in outer space: relevance of property and possession to the higher grounds177

6.3 Summary and conclusions188

7 Legality of the common heritage of mankind principle in space law191

7.1 Outer space - res nullius or res extra commercium?195

7.2 The scope of application of the CHM principle in space law197

7.3 The CHM principle and the arguments for and against property rights in space199

7.4 Summary and conclusions205

8 Jurisprudential basis for common ownership207

8.1 Jurisprudential basis for common ownership， possession and control over outer space207

8.1.1 The significance of morality215

8.2 Summary and conclusions217

9 Jurisdiction and control rationae instrumenti and rationae personnae in outer space220

9.1 Jurisdiction and control over national and international space stations220

9.2 Nature of jurisdiction over space stations222

9.3 Nationality and registration over space stations225

9.4 Civil jurisdiction over space stations229

9.5 Civil jurisdiction and intellectual property in the operation of space stations232

9.6 Criminal jurisdiction over space stations239

9.7 Jurisdiction and control rationae personae in outer space245

9.7.1 Terminological confusion245

9.7.2 Cases of unsettled jurisdiction247

9.7.3 Liability over aerospace objects250

9.7.4 The legal status of astronauts253

9.7.5 Civil and criminal jurisdiction over envoys of mankind257

9.7.6 Jurisdiction and control over mixed nationality crews259

9.7.7 Socio-scientific considerations in the exercise of criminal jurisdiction in spatial territories261

9.8 Summary and conclusions264

10 Contemporary trends and threats to the regime of outer space law266

10.1 Illegality of the militarisation of space266

10.2 Jurisdiction and control over remote sensing operations:questions surrounding clandestine remote sensing from outer space269

10.3 Liberal commercialism and entrepreneurship as driving force of international space tourism273

10.4 Summary and conclusions280

11 The never ending dispute: legal theories on the spatial demarcation boundary plane between airspace and outer space282

11.1 The no-present-need theory285

11.2 The present need school290

11.3 The criteria of space activities or the functional approach293

11.4 The aerodynamic lift theory297

11.5 The Bogota Declaration view301

11.6 The usque ad infinitum theory305

11.7 The national security and effective control theory306

11.8 The lowest point of orbital flight theory306

11.9 Theories of arbitrary distances309

11.10 Developing a conclusive theory on a legal spatial demarcation boundary plane between airspace and outer space310

12 General conclusion314

Appendices322

Appendix Ⅰ: Table Al. 1 Chronology of notable military and diplomatic responses to aerial intrusions 1946-1999； Table AI.2 Chronology of allegations of Cuban airspace violations by aircraft of US nationality 1992-1996322

Appendix Ⅱ: Sample of letters of protest and denial between Cyprus and Turkey - (a) Letter dated 5 December 2010 from the Permanent Representative of Cyprus to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General； (b) Letter dated 10 January 2011 from the Permanent Representative of Turkey to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General342

Appendix Ⅲ: Sample of letters of protest by Iraq against the USA，Britain and France. Letter dated 11 February 2002 from the Charge d’affaires a.i. of the Permanent Mission of Iraq to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council350

Appendix Ⅳ: Diagrammatic representation of sovereignty and jurisdiction over maritime， air and outer spaces358

Appendix Ⅴ: States and their position of choice in response to the spatial demarcation boundary plane question360

Index362