Internet技术基础 英文版2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

Internet技术基础 英文版PDF格式电子书版下载

注意：本站所有压缩包均有解压码： 点击下载压缩包解压工具

Preface1

Chapter 1 The Internet Has Arrived1

The World Is Changing1

Numbers Do Not Tell The Story2

Learning About The Internet3

Understanding The Big Picture3

Terininology And Technology4

Growth And Adaptability4

The Impact Of The Internet4

Organization Of The Book4

A Personal Note5

Chapter 2 Getting Started: Hands-On Experience7

Introduction7

Using A Browser8

Web Browsers and Browsing8

The Web: Sites And Pages8

Examples Of Wed Sites And Services9

Summary11

PART I Introduction To Networking15

Chapter 3 Telephones Everywhere15

Introduction15

A Communication Service15

Selling Communication15

Limited Access16

High Cost17

The Difficult Transition17

Ubiquitous Access18

Relevance To The Internet19

Sound, Vibrations, And Analog Recording21

Chapter 4 The World Was Once Analog21

Introduction21

Analog Electronic Devices22

Many Electronic Devices Are Analog23

The First Analog Communication23

Analog Is Simple But Inaccurate23

Sending An Analog Signal Across A Wire24

Digital Music25

The Digital Revolution25

Computers Are Digital26

Digital Recording26

Using Digital To Recreate Analog26

Why Digital Music?28

Summary28

The World Was Once Digital31

Chapter 5 The Once And Future Digital Network31

Introduction31

A Telegraph Is Digital32

Morse Code32

Letters And Digits In Morse Code33

Users Did Not Encounter Morse Code34

Virtually Instant Communication34

Speed Is Relative34

The Telephone Became Digital35

Televance To The Internet35

Binary Encoding Of Data On The Internet36

Why Use Two Symbols?36

Summary36

Introduction37

Communication Using Electricity37

Chapter 6 Basic Communication37

Signals On Wires38

Information Coding38

Modems Allow Two-Way Traffic39

A Character Code For Digital Information40

Detecting Errors41

Summary43

Chapter 7 The Local Area Network Arrives45

Introduction45

Motivation45

Interchangeable Media46

A Computer Consists Of Circuit Boards46

Circuit Boards Plug Into A Computer46

Connecting One Computer To Another47

LAN Technologies48

Connecting A Computer To A LAN49

The Importance Of LAN Technology50

Relationship To The Internet51

PARR II A Brief History Of The Internet55

Chapter 8 Internet: The Early Years55

Many Independent Networks55

The Proliferation Of LANs55

Facts About LANs56

LANs Are Incompatible57

Wide Area Technologies Exist57

Few WANs, Many LANs58

WANs and LANs Are Incompatible58

The Desirability Of A Single Network59

The Department Of Defense Had Multiple Networks59

The ARPANET Backbone60

Connecting Disconnected Machines60

The Internet Emerges60

Internet Software61

The Name Is TCP/IP61

The Shock Of An Open System61

Open Systems Are Necessary62

TCP/IP Documentation Is Online63

The Military Adopts TCP/IP64

Summary64

A Personal Note64

Chapter 9 Two Decades Of Incredible Growth67

Introduction67

Disseminating The Software67

Meanwhile, Back In Computer Science68

The Internet Meets UNIX68

The Internet Doubles In Size In One Year69

The U.S. Military Makes A Commitment69

Every Computer Science Department70

Graduate Students Volunteer Their Time70

The IAB evolves71

The IETF72

Doubling Again In A Year72

The Internet Improves Science72

NSF Takes A Leadership Role73

Target: All Of Science And Engineering73

NSF s Approach73

The NSFNET Backbone74

The ANS Backbone74

Exponential Growth75

The End Of Growth77

A Commercial Assessment77

Introduction79

Early ARPA Networks79

Electronic Mail Among Computers79

Chapter 10 The Global Internet79

BITNET And FIDONET80

Networks In Europe80

EBONE: The Internet In Europe82

Backbones And Internet Hierarchy82

Internet On All Continents83

The World Of Internet after 199884

A Personal Note85

Introduction87

Existing Infrastructure87

Chapter 11 A Global Information Infrastructure87

Communication Infrastructure88

The Internet Infrastructure90

The Internet Offers Diverse Information Services90

TCP/IP Provides Communication Facilities90

A Personal Note91

PART III How The Internet Works95

Chapter 12 Packet Switching95

Introduction95

Sharing Saves Money95

Sharing Introduces Delays95

Sharing Wires96

Selectable Channels96

Sharing By Taking Turns97

Computers Have Addresses98

Each Packet Must Be Labeled98

Packet Switching Avoids Delays98

Packets Are Not All The Same Size99

Packet Transmission Seems Instantaneous99

Sharing Is Automatic99

Network Hardware Handles Sharing100

Many Devices Can Use Packet Switching100

Relevance To The Internet100

Summary101

Chapter 13 Internet: A Network Of Networks103

Introduction103

Network Technologies Are Incompatible103

Coping With Incompatibility104

Two Fundamental Concepts104

Using A Computer To Interconnect Networks106

Interconnecting Computers Are Called Routers107

Interconnecting Computers Pass Packets107

Routers Are The Building Blocks Of The Internet108

Routers Accommodate Multiple Types Of Networks108

Routers Can Interconnect WANs And LANs109

Interconnecting Networks Was Revolutionary110

Summary110

Chapter 14 ISPs And Network Connections111

Introduction111

Internet Service Providers And Fees111

Customer Connections Form The Last Mile112

Leased Circuits Are Expensive112

Most Individuals Choose Dial-up Access113

The Important Concept Of Continuous Connectivity113

Instantaneous Access Changes Use114

Newer Technologies Offer Inexpensive Dedicated Access115

A Personal Note117

Wireless Can Reach Everyone117

Chapter 15 IP: Software To Create A Virtual Network119

Introduction119

Protocol: An Agreement For Communication119

Basic Functionality: The Internet Protocol120

IP Software On Every Machine120

Internet Packets Are Called Datagrams120

The Illusion Of A Giant Network121

The Reality Of Internal Structure122

Datagrams Travel In Packets123

Every Computer Is Assigned A Unique Address123

An Odd IP Address Syntax124

IP Addresses Are Not Random124

Internet Addresses124

An Example Trip Through The Internet125

Summary126

Chapter 16 TCP: Software For Rellable Communication127

Introduction127

A Packet Switching System Can Be Overrun127

TCP Helps IP Guarantee Delivery129

TCP Provides A Connection Between Computer Programs130

The Magic Of Recovering Lost Datagrams130

TCP Retransmission Is Automatic131

TCP And IP Work Together131

Summary132

Chapter 17 Clients+Servers=Distributed Computing133

Introduction133

Large Computers Use Networks For Input And Output133

Distributed Computing On The Internet134

Small Computers Use Networks To Interact134

A Single Paradigm Explains All Distributed Computing135

Programs Are Clients Or Servers136

A Server Must Always Run137

Summary137

Chapter 18 Names For Computers139

Introduction139

People Prefer Names To Numbers139

Naming A Computer Can Be Difficult Or Fun140

Computer Names Must Be Unique141

Suffixes On Computer Names141

Names With Many Parts142

Domain Names Outside The US143

Translating A Name To An Equivalent IP Address143

Computer Name Lookup Is Automatic144

Domain Name System Works Like Directory Assistance144

IP Addresses And Domain Names Are Unrelated146

Summary147

Chapter 19 Why The Internet Works Well149

Introduction149

The Internet Works Well149

IP Provides Flexibility150

TCP Provides Reliability151

TCP/IP Software Was Engineered For Efficiency151

TCP/IP Research Emphasized Practical Results152

The Formula For Success152

Summary153

Description Of Functionality157

Introduction157

Chapter 20 Electronic Mail157

PART IV Services Available On The Internet157

The Best Of All Worlds158

Each User Has A Mailbox For E-mail158

Sending An E-mail Message158

Notification That E-mail has Arrived158

Reading An E-mail Message159

E-mail Messages Look Like Interoffice Memos159

E-mail Software Fills In Header Information160

How E-mail Works161

Using E-mail From A Personal Computer162

Mailbox Address Format162

Abbreviations Make E-mail Friendly163

Aliases Permit Arbitrary Abbreviations163

Sending To Multiple Recipients164

Aliases Shared By All Users Of A Computer System164

Mailing List: An Alias for Multiple Recipients165

Public Mailing Lists And Mail Exploders165

E-mail To And From Non-Internet Sites166

Access To Services Via E-mail167

Speed, Reliability, And Expectations167

Impact And Significance Of Electronic Mail168

Joining A Mailing List169

Chapter 21 Bulletin Board Service (Network News)171

Introduction171

Description Of Functionality171

Many Bulletin Boards With Diverse Topics172

Network News173

Newsgroup Names173

Obtaining Network News And The Software To Read Articles174

How Network News Appears To A User175

Checking For News Articles175

Article Expiration175

Reading Network News176

Selecting Articles176

Subscribing And Unsubscribing To Newsgroups178

Submitting An Article178

Moderated Newsgroups178

Size Of Network News179

How Network News Works179

Redundant Newsfeeds And Duplcate Elimination180

Relationship Between Netnews And Electronic Mail181

Impact And Significance Of Network News And Mailing Lists181

Hints And Conventions For Participating In Discussions182

Summary183

Chapter 22 Browsing The World Wide Web185

Introduction185

Description Of Functionality185

Browsing Vs. Information Retrieval186

Early Browsing Services Used Menus186

A Menu Item Can Point To Another Computer187

How A Browser Works187

An Example Point-And-Click Interface188

Combining Menu Items With Text189

The Importance Of Integrated Menus191

Menus Embedded In Text Are Called Hypertext191

Multimedia193

Video And Audio References Can Be Embedded In Text194

Browser Software Used To Access The Web195

The World Wide Web195

An Example Hypermedia Display196

Control Of The Browser198

External References199

Recording The Location Of Information199

Bookmarks201

How The World Wide Web Works202

A URL Tells A Browser Which Computer To Contact202

A URL Tells A Browser Which Server To Contact202

Use Of The Name WWW In URLs203

A Browser Provides Access To Multiple Services204

Inside A Browser Program204

Summary205

An Observation About Hypermedia Browsing206

Display Hardware Varies207

Chapter 23 World Wide Web Documents (HTML)207

Introduction207

A Browser Translates And Display A Web Document208

A Consequence Of The Web Approach208

HTML, The Language Used For Web Documents209

Instructions In A Web Page Control The Output210

A Web Page Is Divided Into Two Main Sections210

Indentation Can Make HTML Readable211

The Body Of A Web Page Can Contain Text212

Indentation Can Make Paragraphs Easier To Find213

A Web Page Can Link To Another Page214

HTML Allows Numbered And Unnumbered Lists215

Images On A Web Page Are Digital216

HTML Allows A Web Page To Include An Image217

Text Can Appear Adjacent To An Image218

Images Can Link To Another Web Page219

Some Browsers Can Stretch Or Shrink Images220

The Background Can Be Controlled220

Other Features Of HTML220

Importance Of HTML221

GUI Tools Help With Web Page Creation221

Summary222

Chapter 24 Advanced Web Technologies (Forms, Frames, Plugins, CGI, Java, JavaScript)223

Introduction223

Conventional Web Pages Are Static223

How A Server Stores Static Web Pages224

Fetching Items One At A Time226

Conventional Web Pages Use The Entire Screen226

A Web Page Can Change Part Of the Screen227

The Web, Advertising, And Frames229

Static Document Have Disadvantages230

Controlling How A Browser Processes Data230

Plugins Allow Variety232

A Server Can Compute A Web Page On Demand232

How CGL Works233

Professional Programmers Build CGI Programs235

Personalized Web Pages235

Personalized Advertisements236

Web Pages Can Interact236

Shopping Carts237

Cookies237

Should You Accept Cookies?238

A Web Page Can Display Simple Animations238

Active Documents Are More Powerful239

JavaScript Is An Active Document Technology241

Java Is An Active Document Technology241

The Importance Of Advanced Web Technologies242

Chapter 25 Automated Web Search (Search Engines)243

Introduction243

Description Of Functionality243

Browsing Vs. Automated Searching244

A Search Engine Helps Users Get Started244

A Search Tool Can Help Recover From Loss245

Automated Searching By Name245

How An Automated Search Service Operates246

Modern Systems Search Web Page Contents248

How A Web Search Appears To A User248

How A Search Engine Returns Results249

Automated Search Services Use String Matching250

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of String Matching251

Advanced Search Programs That Use Multiple Keys252

Aevanced Services Offer More Sophisticated Matching252

Personalized Search Results253

How An Automated Content Search Works254

Searches Are Restricted255

Advertising Pays For Searching255

Examples Of Automated Search Services256

Significance Of Automated Web Search256

Chapter 26 Audlo And Video Communication257

Introduction257

Description Of Functionality257

Audio And Video Require Special Hardware258

Real-Time Means No Delay259

Internet Audio In Real-Time259

An Audio Clip Resembles An Audio CD259

Radio Programs On The Internet260

Real-Time Transmission Is Called Webcasting261

Internet Telephone Service Is Possible261

Audio Teleconferencing262

A Cooperative Document Markup Service262

Marking A Document264

The Participants Discuss And Mark A Document265

Video Teleconferencing266

Video Teleconference Among Groups Of People267

A Combined Audio, Video, And Whiteboard Service267

Summary267

A Personal Note268

Sending A Fax269

Introduction269

Chapter 27 Faxes And Files (FTP)269

The Internet Can Be Used To Copy Files270

Data Stored In Files270

Copying A File271

FTP IS Interactive271

Example FTP Commands271

A User Can Store Or Retrieve A File272

Commands For Binary And Text File Format272

Choosing ASCII or Binary Transfer273

Commands For Authorization And Anonymous FTP273

A Browser Can Use FTP274

How FTP Works274

Impact And Significance Of FTP275

Summary275

Early Computers Used Textual Interfaces277

Introduction277

Chapter 28 Remote Login And Remote Desktops (TELNET)277

A Timesharing System Requires User Identification278

Remote Login Resembles Conventional Login278

How Remote Login Works279

Escaping From Remote Login280

Displays And Windows280

The Internet Remote Login Standard Is TELNET280

Remote Access Can Display A Desktop281

How Remote Desktops Operate282

Assessment Of Remote Login And Desktops282

Remote Access Is General283

Generality Makes Remote Login And Desktops Powerful283

Remots Access Accommodates Multiple Types Of Computers283

Summary284

Unexpected Results From Remote Access284

Chapter 29 Facilities For Secure Communication287

Introduction287

The Internet Is Unsecure287

Lack Of Security Can Be Important288

Authentication And Privacy Are Primary Problems288

Data May Be Changed289

Encoding Keeps Messages Private289

Computer Encryption Uses Mathematics289

No Network Is Absolutely Secure290

Encryption Makes E-mail Private290

Encryption Software Needs A Key291

Two Keys Means Never Having To Trust Anyone291

Secure E-Mail In Practice293

Summary293

E-Commerce Is Big Business295

Chapter 30 Electronic Commerce And Business295

Introduction295

Security Made E-Commerce Possible296

Secure Sockets296

Public Key Encryption Provides Authenticity297

Digital Signatures298

Certificates Contain Public Keys298

What Is Digital Money?299

Digital Cash Is Not Widely Available299

Business And E-Commerce300

A Business Must Protect Its Networks300

Firewalls Protect Networks300

A Firewall Filters Packets301

Firewalls Guard Against Trojan Horses301

A Cornucopia Of Services303

Chapter 31 The Global Digital Library303

Introduction303

New Services Appear Regularly304

Flexibility Permits Change304

A Digital Library305

Card Catalogs And Search Tools305

Internet Services Can Be Integrated305

Mr. Dewey, Where Are You?306

Information In The Digital Library307

What Is The Internet?307

A Personal Note307

Appendix 1 Example Netnews Newsgroups309

Appendix 2 Glossary Of Internet Terms319

Index345