天文光谱学 天文光谱的原子与分子物理学导论 第2版2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

天文光谱学 天文光谱的原子与分子物理学导论 第2版PDF格式电子书版下载

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1．Why Record Spectra of Astronomical Objects?1

1.1 A Historical Introduction1

1.2 What One Can Learn from Studying Spectra3

2．TheNature of Spectra7

2.1 Transitions7

2.2 Absorption and Emission8

2.3 Other Measures of Transition Probabilities10

2.4 Stimulated Emission10

2.5 Optical Depth11

2.6 Critical Density12

2.7 Wavelength or Frequency?13

2.8 The Electromagnetic Spectrum14

3．Atomic Hydrogen17

3.1 Overview17

3.2 The Schr？dinger Equation of Hydrogen-Like Atoms17

3.3 Reduced Mass18

3.4 Atomic Units19

3.5 Wavefunctions for Hydrogen20

3.6 Energy Levels and Quantum Numbers21

3.7 H-Atom Discrete Spectra23

3.8 H-Atom Spectra in Different Locations29

3.8.1 Balmer series29

3.8.2 Lyman series33

3.8.3 Infrared lines35

3.9 H-Atom Continuum Spectra35

3.9.1 Processes35

3.9.2 H-atom emission in HⅡ regions36

3.10 Radio Recombination Lines38

3.11 Radio Recombination Lines for Other Atoms40

3.12 Angular Momentum Coupling in the Hydrogen Atom43

3.13 The Fine Structure of Hydrogen44

3.14 Hyperfine Structure in the H Atom45

3.15 Allowed Transitions46

3.16 Hydrogen in Nebulae47

4．Complex Atoms51

4.1 General Considerations51

4.2 Central Field Model52

4.3 Indistinguishable Particles54

4.4 Electron Configurations55

4.5 The Periodic Table56

4.6 Ions58

4.7 Angular Momentum in Complex Atoms59

4.7.1 L-S or Russell-Saunders coupling59

4.7.2 j-j coupling61

4.7.3 Why two coupling schemes?61

4.8 Spectroscopic Notation62

4.9 Parity of the Wavefunction63

4.10 Terms and Levels in Complex Atoms64

5．Helium Spectra69

5.1 He I and He II Spectra69

5.2 Selection Rules for Complex Atoms71

5.3 Observing Forbidden Lines74

5.4 Grotrian Diagrams75

5.5 Potential Felt by Electrons in Complex Atoms77

5.6 Emissions of Helium-Like Ions78

6．Alkali Atoms81

6.1 Sodium81

6.2 Spin-Orbit Interactions84

6.3 Fine Structure Transitions88

6.4 Astronomical Sodium Spectra89

6.5 Other Alkali Metal-Like Spectra93

7．Spectra of Nebulae99

7.1 Nebuliun100

7.2 The Bowen Mechanism104

7.3 Two Valence Electrons107

7.4 Autoionisation and Recombination109

8．Spectra in Magnetic Fields115

8.1 Uniform Magnetic Field116

8.2 Strong Magnetic Field117

8.3 Weak Magnetic Field118

8.3.1 The normal Zeeman effect118

8.3.2 The anomolous Zeeman effect119

8.4 Spectra in Magnetic Field120

9．X-Ray Spectra123

9.1 Inner Shell Processes123

9.2 The Solar Corona127

9.3 The Structure of Highly Ionised Atoms127

9.4 Isotope Effects131

10．Molecular Structure135

10.1 The Born-Oppenheimer Approximation136

10.2 Electronic Structure of Diatomics137

10.2.1 Labelling of electronic states140

10.2.2 Symmetry141

10.2.3 State labels143

10.3 Schr？dinger Equation144

10.3.1 Nuclear motion in diatomic molecules144

10.4 Fractionation149

10.5 Vibration-Rotation Energy Levels150

10.6 Temperature Effects152

10.6.1 Rotational state populations152

10.6.2 Vibrational state populations154

10.6.3 Electronic state populations155

11．Rotational Spectra157

11.1 Rotational Structure of Polyatomic Molecules157

11.2 SelectionRules:Pure Rotational Transitions160

11.3 Selection Rules161

11.4 Isotope Effects166

11.5 Rotational Spectra of Other Molecules166

11.6 Rotational Spectra of Molecular Hydrogen170

11.7 Maser Emissions170

12．Vlibration-Rotation Spectra175

12.1 Vlibrations in Polyatomic Molecules175

12.2 Vibrational Transitions177

12.2.1 Structure of the spectrum178

12.2.2 Isotope effects181

12.2.3 Hydrogen molecule vibrational spectra181

12.3 Astronomical Spectra183

13．Electronic Spectra of Diatomic Molecules187

13.1 Electronic Transitions187

13.2 Selection Rules188

13.2.1 Vibrational selection rules189

13.2.2 Rotational selection rules190

13.3 Transition Frequencies192

13.4 Astronomical Spectra193

13.5 Non-1∑ Electronic States195

Solutions to Model Problems199

Further Reading and Bibliography215

Index217