美国文化简介 英文2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

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Chapter 1 The Origins of American and Its Development1

1.1 Europe’s Discovery of America2

1.2 The English Colonies2

1.3 Tightening British Control and Colonial Resistance4

1.4 The Road to Independence5

1.5 The U.S.Constitution7

1.6 The War of 18128

1.7 Slavery and Sectionalism9

1.7.1 Secession and Civil War11

1.7.2 Postwar Industrialization12

1.8 World War Ⅰ14

1.8.1 Postwar U.S.and the Great Depression15

1.9 World War Ⅱ16

1.9.1 Postwar U.S.and the Cold War17

1.10 Mid-20th to Late 20th18

1.10.1 The 1960s in the U.S18

1.10.2 The 1970s in the U.S19

1.10.3 The 1980s in the U.S20

1.11 Reflections on Bill Clinton21

Conclusion21

New Words22

Notes22

Questions for Consideration23

Chapter 2 American Political System24

2.1 Federalist System25

2.2 3-Branch System25

2.2.1 The Legislative Branch25

2.2.2 The Executive Branch27

2.2.3 The Judiciary28

2.3 Checks and Balances Principle29

2.4 Political Parties29

2.5 Elections in America32

2.6 Criticisms32

Conclusion33

New Words34

Questions for Consideration34

Chapter 3 Religion in America35

3.1 Religious Freedom and Brand of Religion36

3.2 Christianity in America36

3.3 The Protestant Church in America37

3.3.1Baptists37

3.3.2Methodists38

3.3.3Presbyterians38

3.3.4Episcopalians38

3.4 The Catholic Church in America39

3.5 Judaism in America40

3.6 Impact of Religion on American Society42

3.6.1 Education43

3.6.2 Abortion43

3.6.3 Sexuality43

3.6.4 Intolerance43

Conclusion44

New Words44

Questions for Consideration44

Chapter 4 American Values46

4.1 Traditional Values47

4.1.1 Individual Freedom and Self-Reliance47

4.1.2 Equality of Opportunity and Competition49

4.1.3 Material Wealth and Hard Work50

4.2 Values of Doing Business52

4.2.1 The Value of Informality： Just Call Me Bob52

4.2.2 The Value of Time as a Commodity：Time Is Money52

4.2.3 The Value of the Contract Before the Relationship： First， We Sign then We Toast53

4.2.4 The American Value of Direct Communication： Call a Spade a Spade53

4.2.5 The Value of Conflict-style Bargaining：Lay Your Cards on the Table54

4.2.6 The American Value of Optimism： Never Say Never54

4.3 Misconceptions55

Conclusion56

New Words57

Note57

Questions for Consideration57

Chapter 5 The American Character59

5.1 Views Toward Individual Freedom60

5.1.1 Criticizing Authority61

5.1.2 Provision of Services61

5.1.3 Consumer Action62

5.2 Views on Competition63

5.2.1 The Relationship Between Sports and Competition63

5.2.2 Materialism as a Form of Competition64

5.2.3 Risk-taking and Competition65

5.2.4 Competition’s Negative Impact on American Life65

5.3 Views on Friendships66

5.4 Views on Success67

5.5 Views on Law and Fairness68

5.6 Views on Diversity69

5.6.1 Race69

5.6.2 Sex70

5.6.3 Age71

5.7 Views on Problem Solving71

Conclusion72

New Words73

Note73

Questions for Consideration73

Chapter 6 American Literature75

6.1 Early Fiction76

6.2 Transcendentalists76

6.3 Power of Imagination77

6.4 New Visions of America78

6.5 Reform and Liberation79

6.6 Regionalism79

6.7 A New Wave80

6.8 Sympathetic Views82

6.9 Rebellious Spirit82

6.10 The Modernists83

6.11 The Lost Generation83

6.12 Harlem Renaissance84

6.13 New Drama84

6.14 Depression， Realism and Escapism85

6.15 Postwar Voices and “the Beat Generation”85

6.16 New American Voices86

New Words87

Notes88

Questions for Consideration88

Chapter 7 Technology in America89

7.1 Early 19th Century90

7.2 Late 19th Century91

7.3 Early 20th Century92

7.4 Mid-20th Century94

7.5 Late 20th Century94

New Words98

Notes99

Questions for Consideration100

Chapter 8.Education in America101

8.1 History of Education102

8.1.1 Early Beginnings102

8.1.2 Beginning of Public Schools102

8.1.3 Compulsory Schooling103

8.1.4 Shifting Aims103

8.1.5 Post-secondary Evolution104

8.1.6 Perceived Crises （1950s -1980s）104

8.2 Education Today105

8.2.1 Power Structures105

8.2.2 National Standards106

8.2.3 Teaching Styles in Schools106

8.3 Characteristics of Post-secondary Schools108

8.4 Features of American Universities109

8.4.1 Typical Program109

8.4.2 Growing Competition in Post-secondary Schools109

8.4.3 Typical Courses109

8.4.4 Extra-curricular Activities110

8.5 How to Do Well in University110

8.6 Problems and Challenges of American Education111

Conclusion111

New Words112

Notes112

Questions for Consideration113

Chapter 9 Campus Life in America114

9.1 Academic Life115

9.1.1 Selecting a Major115

9.1.2 Choosing Classes115

9.1.3 The College Classroom116

9.1.4 Homework117

9.1.5 Communicating with Professors117

9.1.6 Using the Library118

9.2 Getting Financial Aid119

9.2.1 Grants119

9.2.2 Loans119

9.2.3 Scholarships120

9.2.4 Work-study Programs120

9.3 The College’s Role in Student Social Life121

9.4 Living off Campus122

9.5 Physical and Mental Health Problems123

Conclusion123

New Words124

Questions for Consideration124

Chapter 10 Social Life in America126

10.1 American Family127

10.2 Food and Drinks129

10.3 Recreations131

10.3.1 Entertaining131

10.3.2 Having Fun133

10.4 Sports134

10.4.1 Spectator Sports134

10.4.2 Active Sports135

10.5 Activities for Social Benefits136

Conclusion137

New Words137

Questions for Consideration137

Chapter 11 Social Customs in America139

11.1 Introductions140

11.2 General Etiquette140

11.2.1 Tipping140

11.2.2 Hygiene141

11.2.3 Waiting in Line141

11.2.4 Loudness of Voice141

11.2.5 Use of Cell Phones and Pagers142

11.2.6 Smoking142

11.2.7 Visiting Someone’s Home142

11.2.8 Taboo Topics143

11.2.9 Eye Contact143

11.2.10 Staring143

11.3 Personal Safety144

11.4 Borrowing Money144

11.5 Physical Contact145

11.6 Relationships145

11.6.1 Dating145

11.6.2 Sexual147

11.6.3 Workplace147

11.7 Customs at Specific Occasions148

11.7.1 Weddings148

11.7.2 Funerals148

11.7.3 Visiting the Ill149

11.7.4 Rude vs.Naive149

Conclusion150

New Words150

Questions for Consideration151

Chapter 12 American Nonverbal Communication152

12.1 Body Movements153

12.1.1 The Bobbing Head153

12.1.2 Impatient Signals153

12.1.3 The Shoulder Pat154

12.1.4 The Waving Hands154

12.1.5 The Open Palm155

12.2 Posture155

12.2.1 The Slouch155

12.2.2 The Anywhere Seat156

12.2.3 Leaning in and out156

12.2.4 Spatial Distance156

12.3 Facial Expressions157

12.3.1 “ What You See Is What You Get”157

12.3.2 The Low Mouth， Tight Lip Apology158

12.3.3 When a Smile Is Not a Smile158

12.3.4 Stare or Not159

12.3.5 The Raised Eyebrow159

12.4 How Time Perspectives Affect Nonverbal Communication159

12.5 How to Observe and React to American Nonverbal Communication161

12.5.1 Check Your Instincts with Questions161

12.5.2 Check Your Judgments About the Person’s Character161

12.5.3 Watch for Signs of Impatience161

12.5.4 Respect the Space and Privacy of Americans， Nonverbally162

Conclusion162

New Words163

Questions for Consideration163

Chapter 13 Social Problems in America165

13.1 Poverty166

13.2 Racism168

13.3 Crime170

13.4 Drugs171

13.5 The Aging Problem172

Conclusion173

New Words174

Questions for Consideration174

Chapter 14 American in the 21st Century175

14.1 20th-Century Challenges to American Values176

14.2 The War in Vietnam177

14.3 The Need for New National Values179

14.4 The United States： The First Universal Nation？180

New Words181

Note182

Questions for Consideration182

Chapter 15 American Holidays183

15.1 New Year’s Day—January 1184

15.2 Martin Luther King， Jr.Day—Third Monday in January185

15.3 Valentine’s Day—February 14185

15.4 Presidents’ Day—Third Monday in February186

15.5 St.Patrick’s Day—March 17187

15.6 April Fools’ Day—April 1188

15.7 Easter Sunday—Late March or in April188

15.8 Mother’s Day—Second Sunday in May190

15.9 Memorial Day—Last Monday in May191

15.10 Father’s Day—Third Monday in June192

15.11 Independence Day—July 4192

15.12 Labor Day—First Monday in September193

15.13 Columbus Day—Second Monday in October193

15.14 Halloween—October 31194

15.15 Thanksgiving Day—Fourth Thursday in November195

15.16 Christmas—December 25196

New Words201

Questions for Consideration201

Appendix203

Bibliography205