冶金工程专业英语 炼钢篇2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

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1 Historical Development of Modern Steelmaking1

1.1 Bottom-Blown Acid or Bessemer Process1

1.2 Basic Bessemer or Thomas Process3

1.3 Open Hearth Process4

1.4 Oxygen Steelmaking7

1.5 Electric Furnace Steelmaking9

Exercises11

2 Fundamentals of Iron and Steelmaking12

2.1 Fundamentals of Steelmaking Reactions12

2.1.1 Slag-Metal Equilibrium in Steelmaking12

2.1.2 State of Reactions in Steelmaking16

2.2 Fundamentals of Reactions in Electric Furnace Steelmaking26

2.2.1 Slag Chemistry and the Carbon,Manganese.Sulfur and Phosphorus Reactions in the EAF26

2.2.2 Control of Residuals in EAF Steelmaking28

2.2.3 Nitrogen Control in EAF Steelmaking29

2.3 Fundamentals of Stainless Steel Production30

2.3.1 Decarburization of Stainless Steel30

2.3.2 Nitrogen Control in the AOD32

2.3.3 Reduction of Cr from Slag33

2.4 Fundamentals of Ladle Metallurgical Reactions34

2.4.1 Deoxidation Equilibrium and Kinetics34

2.4.2 Ladle Desulfurization41

2.4.3 Calcium Treatment of Steel43

2.5 Fundamentals of Degassing44

2.5.1 Fundamental Thermodynamics44

2.5.2 Vacuum Degassing Kinetics45

Exercises47

3 Pre-treatment of Hot Metal48

3.1 Introduction48

3.2 Desiliconization and Dephosphorization Technologies49

3.3 Desulfurization Technology52

3.3.1 Introduction52

3.3.2 Process Chemistry53

3.3.3 Transport Systems57

3.3.4 Process Venue58

3.3.5 Slag Management59

3.3.6 Lance Systems59

3.3.7 Cycle Time61

3.3.8 Hot Metal Sampling and Analysis61

3.3.9 Reagent Consumption62

3.3.10 Economics62

3.3.11 Process Control62

3.4 Hot Metal Thermal Adjustment63

Exercises64

4 Oxygen Steelmaking Processes65

4.1 Introduction65

4.1.1 Process Description and Events65

4.1.2 Types of Oxygen Steelmaking Processes67

4.1.3 Environmental Issues68

4.2 Sequence of Operations—Top Blown68

4.2.1 Plant Layout68

4.2.2 Sequence of Operations70

4.2.3 Shop Manning76

4.3 Raw Materials80

4.3.1 Introduction80

4.3.2 Hot Metal80

4.3.3 Scrap82

4.3.4 High Metallic Alternative Feeds83

4.3.5 Oxide Additions84

4.3.6 Fluxes85

4.3.7 Oxygen87

4.4 Process Reactions and Energy Balance88

4.4.1 Reactions in BOF Steelmaking88

4.4.2 Slag Formation in BOF Steelmaking91

4.4.3 Mass and Energy Balances92

4.4.4 Tapping Practices and Ladle Additions96

4.5 Process Variations97

4.5.1 The Bottom-Blown Oxygen Steelmaking or OBM（Q-BOP）Process97

4.5.2 Mixed-Blowing Processes102

4.5.3 Oxygen Steelmaking Practice Variations105

4.6 Process Control Strategies108

4.6.1 Introduction108

4.6.2 Static Models109

4.6.3 Statistical and Neural Network Models111

4.6.4 Dynamic Control Schemes112

4.6.5 Lance Height Control114

4.7 Environmental Issues114

4.7.1 Basic Concerns114

4.7.2 Sources of Air Pollution115

4.7.3 Relative Amounts of Fumes Generated117

4.7.4 Other Pollution Sources118

4.7.5 Summary119

Exercises119

5 Electric Furnace Steelmaking121

5.1 Electric Furnace Technology121

5.1.1 Oxygen Use in the EAF122

5.1.2 Oxy-Fuel Burner Application in the EAF122

5.1.3 Application of Oxygen Lancing in the EAF125

5.1.4 Foamy Slag Practice128

5.1.5 CO Post-Combustion130

5.1.6 EAF Bottom Stirring140

5.1.7 Furnace Electrics140

5.1.8 High Voltage AC Operations142

5.1.9 DC EAF Operations143

5.1.10 Use of Alternative Iron Sources in the EAF146

5.1.11 Conclusions147

5.2 Raw Materials148

5.3 Fluxes and Additives149

5.4 Furnace Operations151

5.4.1 EAF Operating Cycle151

5.4.2 Furnace Charging152

5.4.3 Melting153

5.4.4 Refining154

5.4.5 Deslagging156

5.4.6 Tapping157

5.4.7 Furnace Turnaround157

5.4.8 Furnace Heat Balance158

5.5 New Scrap Melting Processes159

5.5.1 Scrap Preheating159

5.5.2 Preheating with Offgas160

5.5.3 Natural Gas Scrap Preheating161

5.5.4 K-ES161

5.5.5 Danarc Process164

5.5.6 Fuchs Shaft Furnace165

5.5.7 Consteel Process173

5.5.8 Twin Shell Electric Arc Furnace176

5.5.9 Processes under Development179

Exercises187

References189