高等学校教材 英语词汇学引论 修订版2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

高等学校教材 英语词汇学引论 修订版PDF格式电子书版下载

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Chapter 1 Language,Linguistics and Lexicology1

1-1-1:A Definition of Language1

1-1-2:Language,Society and Thought2

Chapter4

1-2-1:A Definition of Linguistics4

1-2-2:The Scope of Linguistics5

1-3-1:What Is Lexicology?5

1-3-2:Aims and Significance of the Course of English Lexicology5

1-3-3:The Connection of Lexicology with Other Branches of Linguistics7

1.With phonetics7

2.With grammar7

3.With stylistics7

4.With historical linguistics8

1-3-4:Two Approaches to the Study of English Lexicology8

2-1-1:The English People and the English Language11

2-1-2:The Position and Character of the English Language in the Indo-European Family11

Chapter 2 The Sources of the English Vocabulary11

2-1-3:The Divisions of the History of the English Language12

2-1-4:Some Characteristics of Old English13

2-1-5:Some Characteristics of Middle English15

2-1-6:Some Characteristics of Modern English17

2-2-1:Words of Native Origin21

1.The polysemic character of native words in English21

2.The collocability of native words in English22

3.Word-forming ability of native words in Modern English23

1.Causes and means of borrowings into English24

2-2-2:Borrowed Words in the English Vocabulary24

2.Four groups of loan-words25

2-3-1:The Foreign Elements in the English Vocabulary27

2-3-2:The Scandinavian Element in the English Vocabulary28

2-3-3:The French Element in the English Vocabulary30

1.French loan-words in the Middle English period32

2.French loan-words after the Middle English period34

2-3-4:The Latin Element in the English34

Vocabulary34

2.The first period of Latin influence35

1.The zero period of Latin influence35

3.The second period of Latin influence36

4.The third period of Latin influence37

5.The fourth period of Latin influence37

2-3-5:The Greek Element in the English Vocabulary38

1.Words relating to literature38

2.Words relating to linguistics39

3.Words relating to natural sciences39

4.Words relating to social sciences39

5.Words relating to medicine39

2．The richness of the classical elements in the English vocabulary40

1．The preciseness of meaning of the classical elements40

2-3-6:The Influence of the Classical Elements upon the English Vocabulary40

3．The cosmopolitan character of the classical elements41

2-3-7:Other Foreign Elements in the English Vocabulary42

2-3-8:Interrelation between the Native and Foreign Elements in the English Vocabulary44

Chapter 3 Word Meaning and Semantic Relations46

3-1-1:Some General Remarks on Semantics46

and Meaning46

3-1-2:The Relationship between Meaning and the Object49

3-2-1:What Is a Word?50

3-2-2:Meaning and Motivation52

1.Phonetic motivation52

2.Grammatical motivation53

3.Motivation by meaning53

3-3-1:Classifications of Words54

1.According to the lexical meaning and grammatical function of words54

2.According to the usage of words54

3.According to the character of words56

4.According to motivation57

5.According to polysemy and monosemy57

6.According to the origin57

2.Lexical meaning58

3.Contextual meaning58

1.Grammatical meaning58

3-3-2:Main Types of Word Meaning58

4.Denotative meaning59

5.Connotative meaning59

6.Stylistic meaning59

3-3-3:Word Meaning and Context62

3-4-1:Synonyms66

1.What are synonyms?66

2.The source of synonyms67

3.The significance of studying synonyms69

4.Absolute synonyms and relative70

synonyms70

2.Types of antonyms73

3-4-2:Antonyms73

1.What are antonyms?73

3.Different antonyms of one word76

4.Use of antonyms77

3-4-3:Polysemy and Homonymy79

1.The definition of polysemy79

2.Two main processes of sense-shift79

3.The definition of homonymy and homonyms82

4.The classification of homonyms82

5.Three ways of forming homonyms87

1.The definition of neologisms90

The Changing English Vocabulary90

4-1-1:Neologisms90

2.The rate of changes of the English vocabulary91

3.The sources of new words91

4.The formation of neologisms105

4-1-2:Archaisms111

1.The definition of archaisms111

2.The reasons for the disappearance of words111

3.Obsolete words may be still used at the present time112

4-2-1:Changes in Meaning116

1.Historical causes116

4.Linguistic causes117

2.Social causes117

3.Psychological causes117

4-2-2:Four Tendencies in Semantic Changes118

1.Extension of meaning(Generalization)118

2.Narrowing of meaning(Specialization)123

3.Elevation of meaning(Amelioration)126

4.Degradation of meaning(Deterioration)127

4-2-3:Semantic Changes from the Literal Use of Words to Their Figurative Use130

1.Metaphor130

2.Metonymy140

3.Synecdoche145

4.Euphemism146

5-1-1:Introduction151

1.Morphological structure and classification of words151

Chapter 5 Word-formation in English151

2.Two types of morphemes152

3.Three types of words153

4.Root,base,stem154

5-2-1:The Main Processes of English Word-formation162

1.Prefixation163

2.Suffixation206

3.Conversion236

4.Compounding253

1.Clipping or shortening271

5-2-2:The Minor Processes of English Word-formation271

2.Acronyms273

3.Blending277

4.Back-formation279

5.Forming new words by analogy281

6.Onomatopoeia283

Chapter 6 English Idioms285

6-1-1:The Definition of Idioms285

6-1-2:The Significance of Studying English Idioms286

6-1-3:The Features of English Idioms287

1.Idioms used in colloquial style291

6-1-4:English Idioms in Different Styles291

2.Idioms used in any situation292

3.Idioms used in formal situations293

4.Idioms used as slang293

6-1-5:The Difference between Idiomatic and Free Phrases294

6-2-1:Classification of English Idioms295

1.Idiomatic expressions with specific grammatical structures295

2.Phrases identified with the familiar parts of speech298

3.Idioms not correlative with a given309

grammatical part of speech309

4.Idioms expressing greeting,surprise,praise or criticism313

5.Proverbs314

6-2-2:English Idioms around Different Subjects316

1.Idioms containing names of birds and animals317

2.Idioms containing names of parts of the human body318

3.Idioms involving colors320

4.Idioms containing words related to clothes321

5.Idioms involving time322

6.Idioms involving flowers and plants323

7.Idioms containing words related to fruit324

8.Idioms containing words related to shapes and measures325

Chapter 7 British and American English327

7-1-1:English as a Language of World-wide Use327

7-1-2:British and American English329

7-1-3:The Historical Background of American English332

7-2-1:Differences between British English and American English334

7-2-2:Differences in Individual Sounds335

7-2-3:Differences in Stress337

7-2-4:Differences in Spelling338

7-2-5:Differences in Vocabulary340

7-2-6:Differences in Grammar352

7-3-1:Two Contrasting Word-lists356

7-3-2:British and American English in the Future370

8-1-1:What Is a Dictionary?372

Chapter 8 English Dictionaries and How to Use Them372

8-1-2:Characteristics of Dictionaries374

8-2-1:Types of Dictionaries375

8-2-2:Monolingual,Bilingual and Multilingual Dictionaries375

8-2-3:General and Special Dictionaries376

8-2-4:Pocket,Medium-sized and Unabridged Dictionaries378

8-2-5:Synchronic and Diachronic Dictionaries378

8-2-6:Encyclopedias and Encyclopedic Dictionaries379

8-3-1:The History of English Dictionaries381

8-3-2:Five Periods in the History of English Dictionaries384

8-4-1:How to Use English Dictionaries385

Bibliography393