MULTIPHASE FLOWS WITH DROPLETS AND PARTICLES SECOND DEITION2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

MULTIPHASE FLOWS WITH DROPLETS AND PARTICLES SECOND DEITIONPDF格式电子书版下载

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1 Introduction1

1.1 Industrial applications4

1.1.1 Spray drying4

1.1.2 Pollution control5

1.1.3 Transport systems6

1.1.4 Fluidized beds10

1.1.5 Manufacturing and material processing11

1.2 Energy conversion and propulsion14

1.2.1 Pulverized-coal-fired furnaces14

1.2.2 Solid propellant rocket14

1.3 Fire suppression and control15

1.4 Summary15

2 Properties of Dispersed Phase Flows17

2.1 Concept of a continuum17

2.2 Density and volume fraction19

2.3 Particle or droplet spacing21

2.4 Response times24

2.5 Stokes number25

2.6 Dilute versus dense Flows26

2.7 Phase coupling29

2.7.1 Mass coupling30

2.7.2 Momentum coupling33

2.7.3 Energy coupling34

2.8 Properties of an equilibrium mixture35

2.9 Summary36

2.10 Exercises36

3 Size Distribution39

3.1 Discrete size distributions39

3.2 Continuous size distributions41

3.3 Statistical parameters 42

3.3.1 Mode43

3.3.2 Mean43

3.3.3 Variance43

3.3.4 Median43

3.3.5 Sauter mean diameter44

3.4 Frequently used size distributions44

3.4.1 Log-normal distribution44

3.4.2 Rosin-Rammler distribution47

3.4.3 Log-hyperbolic distribution49

3.5 Summary51

3.6 Exercises51

4 Particle-Fluid Interaction57

4.1 Single-particle equations57

4.1.1 Continuity equation58

4.1.2 Translational momentum equation59

4.1.3 Angular momentum equation59

4.1.4 Energy equation60

4.2 Mass coupling60

4.2.1 Evaporation or condensation60

4.2.2 Mass transfer from slurry droplets63

4.2.3 Combustion65

4.3 Linear momentum coupling67

4.3.1 Particle drag forces67

4.3.2 Particle lift forces96

4.3.3 Equation summary100

4.3.4 Body forces100

4.3.5 Rotational momentum coupling102

4.4 Energy coupling103

4.4.1 Convective heat transfer104

4.4.2 Transient term107

4.4.3 Radiative heat transfer108

4.4.4 Dielectric heating110

4.5 Summary110

4.6 Exercises110

5 Particle-Particle Interaction119

5.1 Particle-particle interaction119

5.1.1 Hard sphere model120

5.1.2 Soft sphere model （DSEM）124

5.1.3 Hard sphere simulation of a soft sphere model132

5.1.4 Cohesive force133

5.1.5 van der Waals forces135

5.1.6 Solid particle agglomeration137

5.1.7 Fluid forces on approaching particles137

5.2 Particle-wall interaction139

5.2.1 Momentum and energy exchange at walls140

5.2.2 Irregular bouncing149

5.2.3 Erosion151

5.3 Summary152

5.4 Exercises153

6 Continuous Phase Equations157

6.1 Averaging procedures158

6.1.1 Time averaging158

6.1.2 Volume averaging160

6.1.3 Ensemble averaging162

6.2 Volume averaging163

6.3 Property flux through a particle cloud167

6.4 Volume-averaged conservation equations169

6.4.1 Quasi-one-dimensional flow169

6.4.2 Continuity equation169

6.4.3 Momentum equation173

6.4.4 Energy equation181

6.5 Equation summary191

6.6 Summary191

6.7 Exercises192

7 Turbulence199

7.1 Review of turbulence in single-phase flow199

7.1.1 General features of turbulence199

7.1.2 Modeling single-phase turbulence201

7.2 Turbulence modulation by particles202

7.3 Review of modulation models207

7.3.1 Empirical Models208

7.3.2 Turbulence models with dusty-gas equations209

7.3.3 Point particle models211

7.3.4 Models based on volume averaging211

7.4 Basic test case for turbulence models212

7.5 Volume-averaged turbulence models214

7.5.1 Defining volume-averaged turbulence215

7.5.2 Turbulence kinetic energy equation216

7.5.3 Turbulence dissipation equation217

7.5.4 Turbulence Reynolds stress equation222

7.6 Application to experimental results226

7.7 Summary230

7.8 Exercises232

8 Droplet-Particle Cloud Equations235

8.1 Discrete Element Method （DEM）238

8.2 Discrete Parcel Method （DPM）239

8.2.1 Non-dense flows240

8.2.2 Dense flows253

8.3 Two-fluid model254

8.4 PDF models257

8.5 Summary258

9 Numerical Modeling259

9.1 Complete Numerical Simulation260

9.2 DNS models261

9.2.1 Model formulation and solution procedure261

9.2.2 Application to particle-laden flows262

9.2.3 Current status264

9.3 LES models264

9.3.1 Model formulation264

9.3.2 Application to particle-laden flows265

9.4 VANS numerical models267

9.4.1 Boundary conditions276

9.4.2 Numerical solution procedures276

9.4.3 Application examples285

9.5 Summary290

10 Experimental Methods291

10.1 Sampling methods294

10.1.1 Imaging methods，microscopy295

10.1.2 Sieving analysis296

10.1.3 Sedimentation methods299

10.1.4 Electrical sensing zone method （Coulter principle）306

10.1.5 Optical analysis308

10.2 Integral methods308

10.2.1 Light attenuation309

10.2.2 Laser-diffraction method310

10.2.3 Cross-correlation techniques314

10.3 Local measurement techniques317

10.3.1 Isokinetic sampling318

10.3.2 Optical fiber probes322

10.3.3 Scattering intensity measurements324

10.3.4 Laser-Doppler anemometry335

10.3.5 Phase-Doppler anemometry347

10.3.6 Imaging techniques367

10.4 Summary377

10.5 Exercises378

A Single-Particle Equations381

A.1 Reynolds transport theorem381

A.2 Mass conservation386

A.3 Momentum conservation387

A.3.1 Linear momentum387

A.3.2 Moment of momentum391

A.4 Energy conservation393

A.4.1 Heat transfer to particle396

A.4.2 Work rate of particles on surroundings396

B Volume Averaging401

B.1 Volume average of the gradient operation402

B.2 Volume averaging of the time derivative406

C Volume-Averaged Equations409

C.1 Continuity equation409

C.2 Momentum equation411

C.3 Energy equation414

C.3.1 Thermal energy equation415

C.3.2 Mechanical energy equation419

C.3.3 Total energy equation424

D Turbulence Equations425

D.1 Turbulence energy426

D.1.1 Continuity and momentum equations427

D.1.2 Mechanical energy equation427

D.1.3 Turbulence energy equation432

D.2 Turbulence dissipation435

D.2.1 Volume averaging436

D.2.2 The dissipation transport equation443

D.3 Reynolds stress446

D.3.1 Volume-averaged momentum equations446

D.3.2 Volume average for the Reynolds stress447

D.3.3 Reynolds stress equation451

E Brownian Motion455

References461

Nomenclature483

Index489